42,310 papers found

Family background-kinship-can propagate careers. The evidence for academic nepotism is littered with complex associations and disputed causal inferences. Surname clustering, albeit with very careful consideration of surnames' flows across regions and time periods, can be used to reflect family ties. We examined surname…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Central venous access devices (CVADs) are critical for neonatal care, but inconsistent CVAD practices remain a challenge and impact clinical outcomes. This scoping review aimed to determine which implementation frameworks, strategies, and outcomes are reported for neonates with CVADs. METHOD…

BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) has high recurrence rates and minimal long-term treatment success. Central sensitization refers to dysfunctional pain modulation that occurs when nociceptive neurons become hyperresponsive. Researchers in this area of PFP have been increasingly productive in the past decade. OBJEC…

BACKGROUND: Central venous obstruction (stenosis or occlusion) is common in patients with renal failure on hemodialysis and may be associated with intracranial hypertension (IH). Causes include vein injury from an endoluminal device, lumen obstruction from a device or thrombus, external vein compression, and high venou…

BACKGROUND: Research examining the effects of oxytocin (OT) interventions on psychiatric, social-behavioral, and social-cognitive outcomes regularly collect peripheral levels of OT as markers of central bioavailability. Such inferences rest on the assumption that central and peripheral levels of OT are directly associa…

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Estimating the width of the maxillary anterior teeth when creating an esthetic smile can be challenging. Valid metrics to assist in this process are needed. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the validity of interalar distance and inner canthal distance with the golden…

OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to examine if there is any difference in the risk of thrombosis and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) with the use of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) and conventional central venous catheters (CVC) in hematological cancer patients. METHODS: We searched th…

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) for confirming the tip location and placement of central venous catheters in adult patients. METHODS: A systematic review was performed using ele…

INTRODUCTION: Movement disorders (MD) can result from various mechanisms: central nervous system infection (20%), trauma (15%), metabolic dysregulation (7%), vascular causes (22%), or inflammatory, degenerative, and tumoral diseases. MD leading to the diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) are rar…

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify contributing factors to adverse reactions related to central venous catheter (CVC) usage in patients with HIV/AIDS, to enhance patient care and treatment outcomes. METHODS: To obtain the most relevant and recent findings, we conducted a systematic search across reputable database…

OBJECTIVE: Consistent evidence suggests residual depressive symptomology are the strongest predictors of depression relapse following cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medications (ADM's). Psychometric network models help detecting and understanding central symptoms that remain post-treatment, along…

OBJECTIVES: To establish the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as described in the literature and to compare the results with two previously published classifications. METHODS: Using PUBMED, a systematic search was performed for publications from 1980 onwards on CNS synd…

INTRODUCTION: Immunotherapies such as CAR T-cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed pediatric cancer treatment but are increasingly associated with severe central nervous system (CNS) immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which remain poorly understood in children. AREAS COVERED: This re…

Creatine is a nutritional compound that potentially influences cognitive processing and neuroprotection. Recent evidence has demonstrated that similar to neurotransmitters, creatine is released in an excitotoxic and action potential-dependent manner and acts as a neuromodulator. Creatine deficiency syndromes are charac…

INTRODUCTION: Targeting CB2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2r) represents a promising approach for the treatment of central nervous system disorders. These receptors were identified in peripheral tissues, but also in neurons in the central nervous system. New findings have highlighted the interest to target these central rece…

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To explore the current state of the science regarding pain in children with cancer, with special attention to literature related to central nervous system (CNS) tumors. This review used the Human Response to Illness (HRTI) model as an organizing framework. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus d…

INTRODUCTION: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a highly heterogeneous and clinically challenging manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, encompassing a broad spectrum of diffuse and focal neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conventional models have emphasized vascular injury and blood-brain barrie…

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is an endogenous octapeptide that was originally isolated from the bovine brain. It belongs to the RFamide family of peptides that has a wide range of physiological functions and pathophysiological effects. NPFF and its receptors, NPFFR1 and NPFFR2, abundantly expressed in rodent and human brains…

The aim of this scoping review is to examine the extent and depth of the literature on effects of central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medications on physical function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). A systematic search for relevant peer-reviewed studies was conducted of PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, SPORTDiscus, E…

Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis from cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are extremely rare and associated prognosis is poor. The involvement of the CNS by metastatic CCA may discourage any further treatment; however, data from the literature are discordant, due to recent reports of exceptionally long follow-up after surg…