2,589 papers found

BACKGROUND: Earlier studies of breast cancer, screening mammography, and mortality reduction may have inflated lifetime and long-term risk estimates for invasive breast cancer due to limitations in their data collection methods and interpretation. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the percentage of asymptomatic peri/postmenopaus…

There is concern that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors may promote atherothrombosis by inhibiting vascular formation of prostacyclin (PGI2) and an increased thrombotic risk of COX-2 inhibitors has been reported. It is widely accepted that the prothrombotic effects of COX-2 inhibitors can be explained by the removal of…

Atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, food allergy, and respiratory allergy are common childhood conditions with significant disease burden. Current understanding implicates the skin-barrier and the dual-allergen hypotheses in the pathophysiology of these allergic conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to…

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with cirrhosis lacks definitive treatments and poses an increasing healthcare burden globally. We undertook a systematic literature review (SLR) to better understand the disease burden in cirrhosis due to MASH. METHODS: The SLR was conducted…

Natural antimicrobials (NA) have stood out in the last decade due to the growing demand for reducing chemical preservatives in food. Once solubility, stability, and changes in sensory attributes could limit their applications in foods, several studies were published suggesting micro-/nanoencapsulation to overcome such…

BACKGROUND: Stringent glycemic control by using insulin as a replacement or in addition to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) has been recommended for people with tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus (TB-DM). This systematic review (PROSPERO 2016:CRD42016039101) analyses whether this improves TB treatment outcomes. OBJECTI…

BACKGROUND: We sought to investigate the relative impact of the timing of the administration of immunotherapy on survival in patients with resectable lung cancer. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in this setting. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and Cochran…

INTRODUCTION: The multifaceted responsibilities borne by clinical facilitators can impose a significant strain on their mental and emotional health and well-being. Within nursing and other healthcare professions, the responsibilities of clinical facilitators extend beyond conventional clinical duties to encompass super…

OBJECTIVES: Delays in identification, resuscitation and referral have been identified as a preventable cause of avoidable severity of illness and mortality in South African children. To address this problem, a machine learning model to predict a compound outcome of death prior to discharge from hospital and/or admissio…

INTRODUCTION: The process of adapting to a life with a chronic illness, is a well-researched phenomenon for a number of common chronic illnesses. The construct, adaptation, embeds the notions of integration of the chronic illness into identity and self-management. Integration precedes self-management and is key to livi…

BACKGROUND: Health professions educators require support to develop teaching and learning, research, educational leadership, and administrative skills to strengthen their higher education role through faculty development initiatives. Where administration has pursued face-to-face and online faculty development initiativ…

OBJECTIVES: This scoping review intended to map the existing literature on chronic stroke rehabilitation interventions in primary healthcare (PHC) settings, with a particular focus on intervention dosage-frequency, intensity, type and duration-as well as the mode of delivery, which encompasses intervention location, fo…

BACKGROUND: It is established that videolaryngoscopy improves intubation success rates and views compared with direct laryngoscopy. However, concerns regarding default adoption of videolaryngoscopy include a negative impact on skill acquisition for direct laryngoscopy. This study aimed to assess the utility of Macintos…

INTRODUCTION: Chronic liver disease is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. Acute presentation with advanced disease is common and prioritisation of resources to those at highest risk at earlier disease stages is essential to improving patient outcomes. Existing prognostic tools are of limited accuracy…

BACKGROUND: Addressing recruitment and retention challenges in trials is a key priority for methods research, but navigating the literature is difficult and time-consuming. In 2016, ORRCA (www.orrca.org.uk) launched a free, searchable database of recruitment research that has been widely accessed and used to support th…

BACKGROUND: The continuous development in dental processing ensures new opportunities in the field of fixed prosthodontics in a complete virtual environment without any physical model situations. The aim was to compare fully digitalized workflows to conventional and/or mixed analog-digital workflows for the treatment w…

BACKGROUND: The most common primary brain tumours in adults are gliomas. Gliomas span a spectrum from low to high-grade and are graded pathologically on a scale of one to four according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. High-grade glioma (HGG) carries a poor prognosis. Grade IV glioma is known as g…

BACKGROUND: Kidney stones (also called renal stones) can be a source of pain, obstruction, and infection. Depending on size, location, composition, and other patient factors, the treatment of kidney stones can involve observation, shock wave lithotripsy, retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS; i.e. ureteroscopic approache…

OBJECTIVES: To clarify the upper limit of epilepsy onset in focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) Type II (FCD)-related epilepsy and to investigate factors affecting long-term surgical outcomes from an open-source database. METHODS: Patients with FCD Type II pathology were included from the Imaging Database for Epilepsy And…

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of information on the epidemiology of heart failure (HF) in Australia. The Study of Heart failure in the Australian Primary carE setting (SHAPE) study aims to estimate the prevalence and annual incidence of HF in the general Australian community and to describe the demographic and key cli…