2,640 papers found

OBJECTIVE/PURPOSE: Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a rare neoplasm of the skin generally affecting the anogenital area. Because of the low-frequency of the disease, no specific guidelines about the treatment strategy are available. Surgery is the recommended therapy for resectable and localized disease, but severa…

CONTEXT: Miniaturized instruments for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), utilizing tracts sized ≤22 Fr, have been developed in an effort to reduce the morbidity and increase the efficiency of stone removal compared with standard PNL (>22 Fr). OBJECTIVE: We systematically reviewed all available evidence on the…

BACKGROUND: Theophylline and long acting beta2-agonists are bronchodilators used for the management of persistent asthma symptoms, especially nocturnal asthma. They represent different classes of drug with differing side-effect profiles. OBJECTIVES: To assess the comparative efficacy, safety and side-effects of long-a…

INTRODUCTION: Shift work is associated with disrupted sleep, circadian misalignment and increased risks of adverse health, performance and safety outcomes. Although recommendations for shift workers typically focus on obtaining one long sleep period, many shift workers divide sleep into two episodes, referred to as bip…

BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the performance of a general-purpose (GPT-4) and a medically fine-tuned (Med-LM) large language model (LLM) in classifying liver lesions from unstructured Computed Tomography (CT) reports. METHODS: Consecutive CT reports (2014-2020) from five institutions were input into GPT-4 and Med-…

BACKGROUND: Evidence-based clinical guidelines (GLs) are essential for standardizing care, yet often difficult to apply. Most clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) assume continuous application, which misaligns with the episodic nature of real-world workflows. OBJECTIVES: To design, implement, and evaluate e-Picar…

: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly prescribed for people living with obesity and type 2 diabetes due to their efficacy in reducing appetite and body weight. However, by inducing caloric restriction and altering gastrointestinal physiology, GLP-1RAs may predispose patients to nutriti…

PURPOSE: To identify and summarize clinical factors influencing the efficacy and safety outcomes of CAR-T cell therapies in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) through a systematic literature review. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature review to identify factors impacting the efficacy and saf…

BACKGROUND: Sensors are increasingly used in health interventions to unobtrusively and continuously capture participants' physical activity in free-living conditions. The rich granularity of sensor data offers great potential for analyzing patterns and changes in physical activity behaviors. The use of specialized mach…

BACKGROUND: Given the success of cash programs in improving health outcomes and addressing upstream drivers of HIV risk such as poverty and education, there has been an increasing interest in their potential to improve HIV prevention and care outcomes. Recent reviews have documented the impacts of structural interventi…

PURPOSE: Compared with young White women, young Black women are more likely to present with aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtypes that are potentially linked to worse health-related quality of life (HRQOL); however, there is limited consensus regarding HRQOL needs among young Black BC survivors. Employing Ferrell's fr…

BACKGROUND: Acute suppurative otitis media is one of the most common infectious diseases in childhood. Recurrent acute otitis media is defined for the purposes of this review as either three or more acute infections of the middle ear cleft in a six-month period, or at least four episodes in a year. Strategies for manag…

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell injury contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and myocardial dysfunction. Protection against ROS requires maintenance of endogenous thiol pools, most importantly, reduced glutathione (GSH), by NADPH. In cardiomyocytes, GSH resides in two separate cellula…

BACKGROUND: 'Posterior crossbite' occurs when the top back teeth bite inside the bottom back teeth. When it affects one side of the mouth the lower jaw may have to move to one side to allow the back teeth to meet together. This movement may have long term effects on the growth of the teeth and jaws. It is unclear what…

OBJECTIVE: To facilitate the choice of systemic adjuvant therapy for women with node-positive breast cancer. EVIDENCE: Systematic review, using MEDLINE from 1976 and CANCERLIT from 1983 to December 1996. Nonsystematic review continued through June 1997. RECOMMENDATIONS: Chemotherapy should be offered to all premenopa…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Secondary sclerosing cholangitis (SSC) comprises a heterogeneous group of identifiable etiologies causing inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts. Given that SSC often progresses more rapidly than primary sclerosing cholangitis and treatment is frequently etiology-directed, early recogniti…

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether simulation-based education improves learning outcomes in obstetric emergency management among healthcare students compared with traditional teaching methods. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Global Index Medicus, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to September 2025 using…

BACKGROUND: Heart failure leads to adverse clinical and patient-reported outcomes. Its prevalence has increased markedly among adults aged 60 years and over. Transitional care interventions are recommended to address these issues; however, their effectiveness on health outcomes, particularly in older adults, remains li…

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) affect millions worldwide, especially the immunocompromised and pediatric patients. The standard fungal culture has low sensitivity and is slow for fungal identification. Rapid and accurate laboratory assays may support early successful treatment. Although th…

Forensic age estimation is of critical legal importance. This study aimed to assess the utility of ultrasonography (US) as an alternative, safe, non-invasive technique that could replace other roentgenographic modalities in forensic age estimation. Epiphyseal maturation staging of the upper and lower ends of the radius…