2,528 papers found

Social isolation and loneliness seriously impact the physical and mental quality of health and longevity. Social isolation and loneliness are important yet neglected social determinants for people of all ages. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death globally, and loneliness has been linked t…

OBJECTIVE: To inform UK service development to support medical abortion at home, appropriate for person and context. DESIGN: Realist review SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Peer-reviewed literature from 1 January 2000 to 9 December 2021, describing interventions or models of home abortion care. Participants included people seeki…

BACKGROUND: Seymour fractures are open, displaced juxta-epiphyseal fractures of the distal phalanx, with an overlying nail bed laceration that occur in children and adolescents with an open physis. This fracture occurs rarely, but its potential consequences are clinically significant. Due to anatomical particulars and…

BACKGROUND: Randomised clinical trials have addressed the question whether propylthiouracil has any beneficial effects in patients with alcoholic liver disease. OBJECTIVES: To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of propylthiouracil for patients with alcoholic liver disease. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Coch…

INTRODUCTION: The multifaceted responsibilities borne by clinical facilitators can impose a significant strain on their mental and emotional health and well-being. Within nursing and other healthcare professions, the responsibilities of clinical facilitators extend beyond conventional clinical duties to encompass super…

BACKGROUND: Orthodontic patients are often instructed to use fluoride mouthrinses (FMR) to prevent caries during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA). The aim of this study was to examine the caries preventive effect of FMR during FOA treatment based on randomized controlled trials. METHODS: An informatio…

BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: Mucosal healing (MH) in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is an important landmark for clinical decision making. Artificial intelligence systems (AI) that automatically deliver the grade of endoscopic inflammation may solve moderate interobserver agreement and the need of central reading in clinic…

CONTEXT: Prostate cancer (PC) disproportionately affects men of Black race, and lower educational and socioeconomic status. Guidelines are based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs); however, the representation of different races, educations, and socioeconomic backgrounds in these trials is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To as…

BACKGROUND: It has long been debated whether cava anastomosis should be performed with the piggyback technique or cava replacement, with or without veno-venous bypass (VVB), with or without temporary portocaval shunt (PCS) in the setting of liver transplantation. OBJECTIVES: To identify whether different cava anastomo…

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a known risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients awaiting liver transplantation (LT). Malnutrition is a potentially reversible risk factor, though there are no clear guidelines on the best mechanism for an improvement. It also remains unclear if preoperative nutritio…

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Children with an oral presence ofspp. have an elevated prevalence of dental caries. As an alternative to conventional antifungal drugs, the use of biofilm-modulating strategies, such as probiotic bacteria, may be a sustainable option. Probiotics are live microorganisms that have beneficial health…

BACKGROUND: The impact of misinformation about vapes' relative harms compared with smoking may lead to increased tobacco-related burden of disease. To date, no systematic efforts have been made to chart interventions that mitigate vaping-related misinformation. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill gap…

PURPOSE: Muscle atrophy and strength decline are two of the most prominent characteristics in cancer patients undergoing cancer therapy, leading to decreased functional ability and reduced quality of life. Therefore, the aim is to systematically review research evidence of the effects of resistance exercise (RE) on low…

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have changed the first-line treatment of people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Single-agent pembrolizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) is currently the standard of care as monotherapy in patients with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50%, e…

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have changed the first-line treatment of people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Single-agent pembrolizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) is currently the standard of care as monotherapy in patients with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50%, e…

BACKGROUND: Growing expenditures on prescription medicines represent a major challenge to many health systems. Cap and co-payment policies are intended as an incentive to deter unnecessary or marginal utilisation, and to reduce third-party payer expenditures by shifting parts of the financial burden from insurers to pa…

BACKGROUND: Antenatal care (ANC) is a comprehensive healthcare service designed to support pregnant women through education, monitoring, and interventions to promote a healthy pregnancy and ensure a positive childbirth. Regular ANC visits play a crucial role in preventing complications, managing existing health conditi…

BACKGROUND: Children conceived by ART exhibit varying birthweights based on the specific ART method employed. Those born after frozen embryo transfer (FET) are more prone to being born with a high birthweight and more children are born large-for-gestational age, while those born after fresh embryo transfer (fresh-ET) t…

INTRODUCTION: Persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending hospitals frequently experience major complications. We assessed the potential use of unstructured free-text data extracted from electronic health records (EHRs) using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) to develop a predictive…

INTRODUCTION: "Comfort care" is a holistic approach for patients with terminal conditions, such as cancer, who are not expected to recover. It focuses on managing pain, among other end-of-life symptoms, and providing support to both the patient and their family during the dying process, which can last unpredictably fro…