2,644 papers found

IMPORTANCE: The identification and validation of biomarkers in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has potential to improve the understanding and management of this chronic, burdensome disease. OBJECTIVE: To systematically identify all known HS biomarkers, categorize them by biomarker type, and critically evaluate their val…

BACKGROUND: The activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer (BC) is promising for many patients. However, a subset of patients do not benefit from treatment, thus leading to an effort to better identify predictive molecular biomarkers of response. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic re…

OBJECTIVES: Maxillofacial reconstruction using microvascular free flaps is a well-established procedure to restore facial defects across various patients. Elderly patients face increased perioperative risks due to higher prevalence of comorbidities. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of patients aged&#x200…

BACKGROUND: This is an update of the original Cochrane Review published in Cochrane Library, Issue 10, 2012.Hydatidiform mole (HM), also called a molar pregnancy, is characterised by an overgrowth of foetal chorionic tissue within the uterus. HMs may be partial (PM) or complete (CM) depending on their gross appearance,…

BACKGROUND: ecombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been used for four decades under a largely population-based dosing paradigm, yet growth response varies substantially among children with apparently similar auxological phenotypes. Advances in genomics, GH-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis biomarkers, mathe…

BACKGROUND: There is evidence that family and friends influence children's decisions to smoke. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions to help families stop children starting smoking. SEARCH METHODS: We searched 14 electronic bibliographic databases, including the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group spe…

BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) reports for patients with bone metastases include key clinical details, but they are usually written as free text. Different doctors write reports in different ways, which makes it hard to extract information in a consistent way. Large language models (LLMs) may help pull out import…

BACKGROUND: Oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) is typically treated with systemic therapy, which may be complemented by radiotherapy (RT) of the prostate as part of primary directed therapy (PDT). This study retrospectively evaluated clinical outcomes following PDT in OMPC. RESULTS: Twenty-four consecutive patient…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Case reports are a fundamental part of medical literature and education. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing medical education and can potentially augment the delivery of the educational content in case reports. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of usi…

Generative models based on diffusion and flow matching have recently been applied to structure-based drug design, but their outputs often include unrealistic protein-ligand interactions that do not obey the laws of physics. We present an energy guidance framework that incorporates a molecular mechanics force field (MMF…

Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is not adequate to cure most patients of the disease. Complete remission is achieved in the majority of patients, but responses are often not durable. Allogeneic stem cell transplant is used for patients with high risk features, including…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ischemic stroke (IS) is responsible for major causes of global death and disability, for which promoting angiogenesis is a promising therapeutic strategy. This study analyzed circular RNA PDS5B (circPDS5B) and its related mechanisms in angiogenesis in IS. METHODS: In the permanent middle cer…

Wheeze is one of the most common respiratory conditions in early childhood. Despite available guidelines, treatment management in pre-school children remains challenging. We aim to describe prescribing patterns for pre-schoolers with wheeze in primary care settings. This retrospective population-based birth cohort stud…

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective and durable long-term treatment for severe obesity, yet less than 1% of eligible patients undergo surgery. Thus, we explored the perceptions and experiences of patients with obesity seeking BS prior to obtaining a referral for surgery. METHODS: A survey was prospect…

BACKGROUND: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is one of the most frequent haematologic malignancies of the elderly population and characterised by progenitor cell dysplasia with ineffective haematopoiesis and a high rate of transformation to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Thrombocytopenia represents a common problem for p…

While the recent clinical approval of amyloid-targeting monoclonal antibodies represents a landmark in Alzheimer's disease (AD) management, these immunotherapies fundamentally function as agents of mitigation rather than restoration, failing to reconstitute decimated neural circuitry. Direct in situ astrocyte-to-neuron…

BACKGROUND: A scoping review was conducted for the European Society for Immunodeficiencies Clinical Working Party to evaluate clinical management guidelines for inborn errors of immunity (IEI). OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify gaps to inform future IEI guideline development, thereby supporting improved clinical practi…

INTRODUCTION: Effective strategies to increase pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and continuation among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) who engage in sex work or transactional sex are sparsely reported. We aimed to describe the available evidence on strategies for improving the uptake and continuation of P…

INTRODUCTION: Early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to represent the initial phase of the disease. However, inconsistent terminology and lack of standardised definitions hinders research and clinical application. This systematic review examined clinical research on early COPD, analysed terms…

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin A (BTxA) has gained popularity as a nonsurgical aesthetic treatment for skin rejuvenation. However, previous studies on intradermal BTxA have shown inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of intrade…