2,589 papers found

BACKGROUND: Dentistry is a profession with a high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) among practitioners, with symptoms often starting as early in the career as the student phase. Ergonomic interventions in physical, cognitive, and organisational domains have been suggested to prevent their occ…

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this systematic review are to provide an objective summary of the published literature specific to the treatment of classical trigeminal neuralgia with stereotactic radiosurgery (RS) and to develop consensus guideline recommendations for the use of RS, as endorsed by the International Society of…

BACKGROUND: The open abdomen technique may be used in critically ill patients to manage abdominal injury, reduce the septic complications, and prevent the abdominal compartment syndrome. Many different techniques have been proposed and multiple studies have been conducted, but the best method of temporary abdominal clo…

BACKGROUND: Numerous medications are available for the acute treatment of migraine in adults, and some have now been approved for use in children and adolescents in the ambulatory setting. A systematic review of acute treatment of migraine medication trials in children and adolescents will help clinicians make evidence…

Phenotypic data are critical for understanding biological mechanisms and consequences of genomic variation, and are pivotal for clinical use cases such as disease diagnostics and treatment development. For over a century, vast quantities of phenotype data have been collected in many different contexts covering a variet…

INTRODUCTION: Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type of lung cancer. To address advances in oncology, molecular biology, pathology, radiology, and surgery of lung adenocarcinoma, an international multidisciplinary classification was sponsored by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, Ame…

BACKGROUND: Poverty is considered one of the social determinants of health (i.e., a range of social and environmental conditions that affect health and well-being) because of its association with significant health problems. In recent years, healthcare settings have emerged as focal points for poverty interventions wit…

BACKGROUND: Anti-leukotrienes (5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and leukotriene receptors antagonists) serve as alternative monotherapy to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the management of recurrent and/or chronic asthma in adults and children. OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety and efficacy of anti-leukotrienes compared t…

BACKGROUND: High altitude illness (HAI) is a term used to describe a group of cerebral and pulmonary syndromes that can occur during travel to elevations above 2500 metres (8202 feet). Acute hypoxia, acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude cerebral oedema (HACE) and high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE) are report…

BACKGROUND: Beta blockers are commonly used to treat hypertension. The blood pressure reading is the primary tool for physicians and patients to assess the efficacy of the treatment. The blood pressure lowering effect of beta-1 selective blockers is not known. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the dose-related effects of variou…

BACKGROUND: The oral microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining both oral and systemic health, yet it can be disrupted by lifestyle factors such as tobacco use. Electronic cigarette (e-cig) has emerged as a popular alternative to conventional smoking, often perceived as a harm reduction tool. While combustible toba…

BACKGROUND: In spite of the large number of anti-corruption reforms implemented in different countries, there has been little research that empirically and systematically assesses the impact of these efforts. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this review is to identify what works in curbing corruption in the public se…

Acid-conditioned dentin may contain exposed collagen fibrils that are vulnerable to hydrolytic degradation when resin infiltration is incomplete. Thus, alternative acidic conditioners with dentin-biomodifying potential may help improve resin-dentin interface stability. This study investigated the effects of dentin biom…

BACKGROUND: Less women participate in Alzheimer Disease (AD) trials compared to their estimated representation in the global dementia population. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to apply five most commonly used eligibility criteria to a real-world memory clinic population to compare male and female eligibility according to these…

BACKGROUND: This study will be the first UK-based study to investigate access to ambulance services for women and families from diverse backgrounds during pregnancy, birth and early postpartum period. The study will explore relevant maternal and infant outcomes for families who seek help from the ambulance service to e…

INTRODUCTION: Exercise may improve cognitive function in stroke survivors. However, no study has yet examined the most effective exercise modalities and associated changes in biomarkers. This study aims to investigate the effects of different exercise types on cognitive function and biomarker trends, providing evidence…

The purine nucleoside analogues clofarabine and fludarabine are active in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We conducted a phase I/II randomized study of idarubicin and cytarabine with either clofarabine (CIA) or fludarabine (FIA) for relapsed or refractory AML. Clofarabine 15 mg/mwas identified as the recommended p…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is the most common cause of surgically treatable drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in children. Surgical outcomes are poorly defined in early-onset FCD-DRE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and presurgical characteristics relating to surgical outco…

Low Energy Availability (LEA) arises from the inability to cover energy needs and requirements of training or normal physiological functions. This value differs from the energy balance, which takes into account the total daily energy intake compared to all the energy expended, regardless of the amount of fat-free mass.…

BACKGROUND: Awareness of the importance of patient and public involvement (PPI) in ophthalmology research is growing, ensuring studies align with patient priorities and experiences. However, there is limited literature exploring the practicalities and details of how PPI may be conducted within this field. In this case…