2,693 papers found

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care sonography (POCS) has emerged as the screening modality of choice for suspected body trauma in many emergency departments worldwide. Its best known application is FAST (focused abdominal sonography for trauma). The technology is almost ubiquitously available, can be performed during resuscitat…

BACKGROUND: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review published in September 2014. The most common primary brain tumours in adults are gliomas. Gliomas span a spectrum from low to high grade and are graded pathologically on a scale of one to four according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classif…

Data sources The following seven databases were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, DARE, NHSEED, HTA, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry and Paediatric Economic Database Evaluation (PEDE).Study selection The review included trial and model-based economic evaluation studies and the participants included children aged from 0 to…

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this evidence-based analysis was to evaluate the clinical utility of serologic testing for celiac disease in asymptomatic individuals presenting with one of the non-gastrointestinal conditions evaluated in this report. The clinical utility was based on the effects of a gluten-free diet (GFD)…

Fludarabine and melphalan (Flu/Mel) has emerged as a more tolerable chemotherapy-based conditioning regimen compared with busulfan and cyclophosphamide (Bu/Cy) for allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)) patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We conducted a retrosp…

BACKGROUND: End-of-life care (EoLC) is an experience that touches the lives of everyone. Dying in an acute hospital is a common occurrence in developed countries across the world. Previous studies have shown that there is wide variation in EoLC and at times is experienced as being of poor quality. Assessing and measuri…

BACKGROUND: Selective pressure drives SARS-CoV-2 evolution, with spike RBD substitutions shaping ACE2 binding and antibody escape. N481K RBD mutation emerged early in Qatar (2020) and later re-emerged globally, reaching near-fixation by 2024-2025, yet its functional significance remained unexplored. METHODS: We analyz…

PURPOSE: Accurate staging of prostate cancer is essential for therapeutic decision-making. While PSMA PET-CT reports offer rich clinical data, their unstructured format hinders large-scale analysis. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to extract structured information from narrative…

The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) continues to rise, necessitating reliable and effective self-management strategies to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, current self-management models face challenges, including insufficient data monitoring and analysis, delayed modifications to treat…

BACKGROUND: Despite a global decreasing trend in neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), progress is not on track to meet the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. Evidence suggests a positive effect of conditional cash transfer programs on controlling NTDs. However, it remains to be evaluated whether other financial ince…

BACKGROUND: In recent years, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of advanced malignancies. As such, numerous ICIs are establishing themselves as prospective therapy alternatives for individuals with head and neck cancer (HNC). Evidence suggests a potential correlatio…

Phenotypic data are critical for understanding biological mechanisms and consequences of genomic variation, and are pivotal for clinical use cases such as disease diagnostics and treatment development. For over a century, vast quantities of phenotype data have been collected in many different contexts covering a variet…

BACKGROUND: Acanthamoeba are microscopic, free-living, single-celled organisms which can infect the eye and lead to Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). AK can result in loss of vision in the infected eye or loss of eye itself; however, there are no formal guidelines or standards of care for the treatment of AK. OBJECTIVES: T…

To assess the effects of non-steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists or surgical castration monotherapy for treating advanced hormone-sensitive stages of prostate cancer. We searched the Cochrane Prostatic Diseases and Urologic Cancers Group Specialized Register (…

BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that accounts for about 2% to 5% of all primary intracranial tumours with immunocompetent patients. It appears at a median age of 62 years. A standard of care for PCNSL patients has not been defined yet, bu…

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of imatinib as first-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) compared with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), hydroxyurea and bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and the cost-effectiveness of imatinib compared with IFN-alpha and hydroxyurea. DATA SOURCES: Electronic datab…

Endometrial injury-related disorders, including intrauterine adhesions, thin endometrium, and chronic endometritis, are a major cause of female infertility. Conventional therapeutic approaches, primarily hormone therapy and surgical interventions, show limited effectiveness in patients with moderate to severe endometri…

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review investigated the impact of conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene (CE/BZA) for treating perimenopausal and menopausal symptoms in patients with a history of endometriosis. METHOD: The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024617174). Without…

BACKGROUND: Annual foot risk assessment of people with diabetes is recommended in national and international clinical guidelines. At present, these are consensus based and use only a proportion of the available evidence. OBJECTIVES: We undertook a systematic review of individual patient data (IPD) to identify the most…

OBJECTIVE: To determine which approaches promote cycling, the size of the effects, and whether there are associated benefits on physical activity or anthropometric measures, by means of a systematic review. DATA SOURCES: Intervention studies with a cycling outcome measure were identified from searches of 13 databases,…