44,713 papers found

OBJECTIVES: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) refer to a group of clinical picture affecting the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint that are characterized by muscular or joint pain, dysfunction (limited or altered functions) and joint noises, as well as other associated symptoms, such as tension headaches,…

INTRODUCTION: Sigma receptors are involved in several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including mood disorders (depression and anxiety), psychosis, schizophrenia, movement disorders (i.e., Parkinson's disease) and memory deficits (i.e., Alzheimer's disease). Recently, the involvement of sigma receptors in neuro…

INTRODUCTION: Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome are a common occurrence in ICU patients. The deleterious effects of IAH on organ function are well known and increasingly appreciated in recent years, especially where renal and respiratory function are concerned. METHODS: This review…

The visual acuity loss enables the brain to access new pathways in the quest to overcome the visual limitation and this is wellknown as neuroplasticity which have mechanisms to cortical reorganization. In this review, we related the evidences about the neuroplasticity as well as cortical anatomical differences and func…

INTRODUCTION: The author reviews the present indications of deep brain stimulation, its progress and outcomes, its targets and techniques, the main neurosurgeons and medical centers involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This review is based on the experience of the Functional Neurosurgery group of the Hospital Santa Maria (…

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly recognized as a disorder affecting both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Although diabetic neuropathy has traditionally been associated with peripheral nerve damage, accumulating evidence suggests that central auditory pathways are also vulnerable to chronic hy…

Central sensitization (CS) is heightened central nervous system responsiveness to nociceptive input and contributes to the transition from acute to chronic pain. Although increasingly recognized as a predictor of suboptimal outcomes after spinal surgery, no prior review has been synthesized the associations between pre…

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Arterial stiffness, a critical predictor of cardiovascular events, varies regionally across peripheral, central, and systemic arteries, necessitating targeted exercise interventions for young men. However, research on the effects of exercise on arterial stiffness in these regions among young men…

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sjögren Syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disorder that presents mainly with sicca symptoms, but frequently affects other body systems which can lead to a wide variety of manifestations. Understanding the neurological and psychiatric manifestations of Sjögren Syndrome can help with an earli…

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and enuresis are interconnected in several ways, primarily through their potential links to neurodevelopmental factors and brain function. ADHD is considered a neurobehavioral and neuropsychiatric condition characterized by numer…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors for predicting lymph nodes (LN) posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve metastasis in thyroid papillary carcinoma. METHODS: PubMed, PMC, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles published spanning 30/06/2009-30/8/2018 using multiple search…

PURPOSE: Chronic bladder pain is a debilitating condition often accompanied by alterations in affective and autonomic function. Many symptoms associated with chronic bladder pain are mediated by the central nervous system. In this review data from preclinical animal models and human neuroimaging studies were analyzed a…

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) for patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). METHODS: The Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were comprehensively searched up to February 2020, to identify the studies comparing the effica…

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to systematically review the literature addressing pain-induced changes in the brain related to central sensitization in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) using specific functional (rs-fMRI and fMRI) and structural (voxel-based morphometry-VBM) brain MRI techniques. METHODS:…

BACKGROUND: Lack of agreed terminology and definitions in healthcare compromises communication, patient safety, optimal management of adverse events, and research progress. The purpose of this scoping review was to understand the terminologies used to describe central venous access devices (CVADs), associated complicat…

Clinically, central positional nystagmus (CPN) is often suspected when atypical forms of its peripheral counterpart, i.e., benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), are observed, namely a linear horizontal nystagmus as in horizontal canal BPPV or a downwardly and torsionally beating nystagmus as in anterior canal BP…

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Nepal's Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth summarises the available evidence on ten physical activity-related indicators among Nepalese children and youth. METHODS: Published scientific papers on physical activity of Nepalese children and youth (5-17 years) were searched syst…

The importance of large-scale brain networks in higher-order human functioning is well established in neuroscience, but has yet to deeply penetrate neurosurgical thinking due to concerns of clinical relevance. Here, we conducted the first systematic review examining the clinical importance of non-traditional, large-sca…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) are more commonly observed in childhood; however, Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) predominantly affects adults, making pediatric ECD extremely rare. To find out the incidence and characteristics of ECD in children, a review arti…

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have become popular over tunneled catheters in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) due to their ease of use and convenience. Although rare, a PICC fracture can be a severe and potentially fatal complication. This narrative review aims to identify factors predisposing ne…