44,713 papers found

INTRODUCTION: Methylphenidate (MPH) plays a principal role in the multimodal treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Controlled studies have demonstrated an effective reduction in the core symptoms of the disorder following MPH therapy, although long-term studies also demonstrate that the therapeu…

Central nervous system (CNS) infections may cause sudden unexpected death when diagnosis is delayed or missed. We report a fatal case of Streptococcus pyogenes meningoencephalitis and systematically review postmortem investigations of fatal bacterial CNS infections. A 57-year-old woman was found dead at home after untr…

INTRODUCTION: Neuropathic pain is a chronic and debilitating condition characterized by maladaptive changes in peripheral and central nervous system pathways. It is driven by abnormal neuronal excitability and excitatory neurotransmission. Among the key contributors are voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and glutama…

INTRODUCTION: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are a significant source of hospital-acquired infections, particularly in intensive care units where central venous catheters are frequently used. These infections can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. While various clinic…

INTRODUCTION: Several studies indicate the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as an important tool in regenerative medicine associated with injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS). The MSCs have the capacity to differentiate into cells of the embryonic tissue, such as the mesoderm. So, these cells can…

BACKGROUND AND AIM: An association between neuropsychiatric manifestations and neuroimaging suggestive of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) during porphyric attacks has been described in numerous case reports. We aimed to systematically review clinical-radiological features and likely pathogenic mecha…

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a growing chronic health problem worldwide. Studies about acupuncture for obesity treatment are many. But there are some doubts about the effectiveness of acupuncture vs sham acupuncture in treating obesity due to its lack of an evidence-based medical proof. Therefore, the aim of this study is to…

BACKGROUND: Time-restricted eating (TRE) is widely used for weight management, but its effect on gut microbiota alpha diversity in adults with overweight or obesity remains uncertain. METHODS: We updated a rapid systematic review of intervention studies in adults with body mass index (BMI) of at least 25 kg/m.…

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) demonstrates marked clinical heterogeneity that is inadequately explained by conventional histopathologic and staging systems alone. Recent studies have identified two molecular subtypes based on transcriptomic profiling and MYC/TP63 expression (ACC I: MYC-high/TP63-low; ACC II: MYC-low/T…

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This systematic review aimed to appraise all population-based studies describing the management and outcomes of HCC in SSA. METHODS: A systematic review based on a search in PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Web of Sc…

BACKGROUND: Accreditation is viewed as a reputable tool to evaluate and enhance the quality of health care. However, its effect on performance and outcomes remains unclear. This review aimed to identify and analyze the evidence on the impact of hospital accreditation. METHODS: We systematically searched electronic dat…

Protein corona formation critically shapes nano-bio interactions by influencing nanoparticle biological identity, cellular uptake, biodistribution, toxicity, and performance in nanomedicine. To characterize the evolution of protein corona research and the emergence of computational approaches, we conducted a comparativ…

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by bone coupling imbalance-insufficient osteoblast-mediated formation and excessive osteoclast-mediated resorption. Among multiple signaling networks involved in bone remodeling, the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear f…

BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers play a crucial role in providing life-saving care in high-pressure fast paced settings, where sustained alertness is critical. Adequate hydration is essential for their decision-making and timely delivery of treatment. Water intake is crucial for optimal cognitive, digestive, and cardiova…

PROBLEM: Blood loss during vaginal birth is commonly assessed using estimated blood loss and quantified blood loss; however, estimated blood loss is frequently criticized for inaccuracy. BACKGROUND: Postpartum hemorrhage is a major cause of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although many cases ar…

PURPOSE: Metadherin (MTDH) is frequently overexpressed across human malignancies, yet its roles in head and neck cancer (HNC) remain incompletely characterized. This systematic review evaluates the biological functions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical relevance of MTDH in HNC. METHODS: A systematic literature searc…

Preoperative anxiety is common and has clinical consequences. Pharmacologic premedication remains widely used; however, its effectiveness varies, in part due to misalignment between drug timing and peak anxiety, as well as differences in patient risk profiles. This review aimed to synthesize the pharmacology, efficacy,…

BACKGROUND: Most antibiotic prescriptions occur in ambulatory care, making it a key setting for evaluating treatment outcomes. However, there is no consensus on how antibiotic treatment failure (ATF) is defined. OBJECTIVES: To systematically map definitions and criteria used to define ATF among patients with common ba…

PURPOSE: Dendrobium ("Shihu") and other Orchidaceae plants have been investigated as adjunctive options for inflammatory dermatoses, wound repair, and topical skin care. However, clinically relevant evidence and safety information remain scattered across phytochemistry, experimental dermatology, biomaterials, and formu…

BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as a promising treatment for heart failure and cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, recent research has explored the use of SGLT2i in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the evidence that SGLT2i can improve left ventricular function a…