5,004,941 papers found

Expert opinion on life expectancy must make reasonable factual assumptions, which entails finding a proper group to which the individual being assessed will be compared, as well as use of appropriate and reliable technical methods. Reasonable judgment should be exercised in the selection of the studies employed. A sche…

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are useful in integrating large amounts of data to inform medical practice, and it is likely that the already large number of published meta-analyses will increase further as the provisions in the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act and other forces result in dramatically in…

Today, at the beginning of the xenogeneic era of transplantation, only simple and single observations about comparative physiology and biochemistry, and even anatomy, are known. Very few data exist which in addition inform about mechanisms after successful xenotransplantation. Nothing is known about phenomena following…

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a well-established treatment for high and intermediate-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Recent studies have demonstrated non-inferiority of TAVI compared to surgery in low-risk patients. In the past decade, numerous literature reviews (SLRs) h…

BACKGROUND: Identification of risk factors facilitates the prevention of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). Several published systematic reviews have already addressed the risk factors for BCRL. This study aimed to systematically identify potential risk factors for BCRL and evaluate the quality of evidence. METH…

BACKGROUND: Built environments have been implicated in the development of chronic disease, with physical activity (PA) considered one of the critical mechanisms for this relationship. Substantial growth in research on built environments and PA makes navigating the available evidence challenging. OBJECTIVE: To examine…

BACKGROUND: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are among the eight-leading causes of death globally. Strategies and policies have been put in place by many countries to reduce RTCs and to prevent RTCs and related injuries/deaths. METHODS: In this review, we searched the following databases Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Data…

BACKGROUND: We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of methodological challenges in economic evaluations of disease prevention and health promotion (DPHP)-measures. METHODS: We conducted an overview of reviews searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, Database of Promoting Health Effectiveness…

BACKGROUND: Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-associated condition with complex disease mechanisms and a risk factor for various long-term health outcomes for the mother and infant. OBJECTIVE: To summarise evidence on the association of pre-eclampsia with long-term health outcomes arising in women and/or infants. SEARCH S…

Cognition-oriented treatments - commonly categorized as cognitive training, cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive stimulation - are promising approaches for the prevention of cognitive and functional decline in older adults. We conducted a systematic overview of meta-analyses investigating the efficacy of cognition-or…

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this overview are to assess the trend of narrative and systematic reviews in Ethiopia, examine their methodological quality, and suggest future directions for improvement. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: All narrative reviews and systematic reviews with or without a meta-analysis on topics associated…

This paper investigates the quality of outcomes reported in systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of bladder pain syndrome and its relationship with study quality and journal impact factor. We searched until August 2013 the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, LILACS and SIGLE, without langua…

BACKGROUND: Trial participants in placebo groups report experiencing adverse events (AEs). Existing systematic reviews have not been synthesized, leaving questions about why these events occur as well as their prevalence across different conditions unanswered. OBJECTIVES: (1) To synthesize the evidence of prevale…

BACKGROUND: Child undernutrition remains a leading contributor to mortality, morbidity and impaired development in low-income and middle-income countries, particularly in India where rates of stunting and underweight persist despite broad policy and programme investments. The critical window for intervention is the fir…

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology of bexagliflozin in addition to its safety and efficacy from available clinical trials used for its approval, as well as available clinical evidence to date. DATA SOURCES: A search of the National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) and Pu…

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a teachable moment for behaviour change. Multiple guidelines target pregnant women for behavioural intervention. This systematic review of systematic reviews reports the effectiveness of interventions delivered during pregnancy on changing women's behaviour across multiple behavioural domains.…

BACKGROUND: Aliskiren is a newly developed drug. Its role in lowering BP has been recognized. However, the role of aliskiren in treating heart and renal diseases are still controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the existing evidence about clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of aliskiren monotherapy (AM). METHOD…

OBJECTIVES: Over two million people in the UK are living with and beyond cancer. A third report diminished quality of life. DESIGN: A review of published systematic reviews to identify effective non-pharmacological interventions to improve the quality of life of cancer survivors. DATA SOURCES: Databases searched unti…

BACKGROUND: With smoking increasingly confined to lower socio-economic groups, the tobacco control community has been urged to identify which population-level tobacco control interventions work in order to help tackle smoking-related health inequalities. Systematic reviews have a crucial role to play in this task. This…

AIMS: This umbrella review aims to comprehensively synthesize and analyze the findings of available systematic reviews on the effectiveness of individual-based strategies for reducing nurse burnout occurring in hospital-based settings. METHODS: Following JBI guidelines, an umbrella review was conducted to integrate th…