2,644 papers found

Systematic reviews (SRs) contribute to implementing the 3Rs in preclinical research. With the ever-increasing amount of scientific literature, SRs require increasing time investment. Thus, using the most efficient review tools is essential. Most available software tools aid the screening process; tools for data extract…

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a life-threatening lung disorder whose recent prevalence has led to an increasing burden on public healthcare. Phenotypic information in electronic clinical records is essential in providing suitable personalised treatment to patients with COPD. However, as ph…

The rapid growth of smartphone ownership and broadband access has created new opportunities to reach smokers with cessation information and support using digital technologies. These technologies can both complement and be integrated with traditional support modalities such as telephone quitlines and 1-on-1 clinical ces…

OBJECTIVE: Implementing target trial emulation (TTE) studies as standardized, reproducible analytic workflows is technically demanding. We developed Text-guided Health-study Estimation and Specification Engine Using Strategus (THESEUS), which uses large language models (LLMs) to translate free-text study descriptions i…

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a leading cause of disability, and a shift from facility- to community-based care has been proposed to meet the resource challenges of mental healthcare in low- and middle-income countries. We hypothesized that the addition of mobile texting would improve schizophrenia care in a resource-po…

We report two rare cases of patients presenting with unusual symptoms, which led to the diagnosis of a germ cell tumor. Metastatic germ cell tumor of testis involving the gastrointestinal tract and causing the occult gastrointestinal bleeding is described in the first case. The second patient is reported to have limbic…

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials are one of the most important sources of evidence for guiding evidence-based practice and the design of new trials. However, most of this information is available only in free text - e.g., in journal publications - which is labour intensive to process for systematic reviews, meta-analyses, a…

PolySearch2 (http://polysearch.ca) is an online text-mining system for identifying relationships between biomedical entities such as human diseases, genes, SNPs, proteins, drugs, metabolites, toxins, metabolic pathways, organs, tissues, subcellular organelles, positive health effects, negative health effects, drug acti…

BACKGROUND: Conversational chatbots are an emerging digital intervention for smoking cessation. No studies have reported on the entire development process of a cessation chatbot. OBJECTIVE: We aim to report results of the user-centered design development process and randomized controlled trial for a novel and comprehe…

BACKGROUND: Scientific literature carries a wealth of information crucial for research, but only a fraction of it is present as structured information in databases and therefore can be analyzed using traditional data analysis tools. Natural language processing (NLP) is often and successfully employed to support humans…

BACKGROUND: Metastasectomy is performed on a select cohort of patients with advanced and/or recurrent bone and soft tissue sarcomas because of the potential for long term relapse free and overall survival associated with the procedure. However, the evidence supporting metastasectomy is difficult to summarize without a…

Haemophiliac pseudotumors are usually observed in the diaphysis of long bones. Pseudotumors due to psoas muscle hematoma are rare and surgical management is difficult. Surgical treatment of these lesions is usually associated with high morbidity and mortality rate. Here, we present a case with iliopsoas haemophiliac ps…

Evidence to support exercise training guidelines for patients who have undergone bariatric surgery is exceedingly limited. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the feasibility of a 12-week supervised, resistance training (RT) program and its short-term effects on physical fitness and functional strengt…

BACKGROUND: Ilizarov non-free bone plasty is a method of distraction osteogenesis using the Ilizarov apparatus for external fixation which originated in Russia and was disseminated across the world. It has been used in long bone defect and nonunion management along with free vascularized grafting and induced membrane t…

This paper describes the design, calibration, and measurements with a personal, distributed exposimeter (PDE) for the on-body detection of radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields due to Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) networks. Numerical simulations show that using a combination of two RF nodes placed on the front and bac…

Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) have been widely deployed in healthcare institutions, and they now constitute a normal commodity for practitioners. However, its installation, maintenance, and utilization are still a burden due to their heavy structures, typically supported by centralized computationa…

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Dillip Kumar Chand at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras. The image depicts the efficient chloride binding ability of a designer self-assembled coordination cage in water. The binding occurs selectively even in presence of models of biologically abundant anioni…

INTRODUCTION: Vascularized free fibula flap is one of the commonly used flaps in autologous soft-tissue and osseous reconstructions in the modern era. While there is abundant literature available on the variable branching pattern and course of the popliteal artery, tibial arteries, and dorsalis pedis artery, there is a…

BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE: Sparsity is often a desirable property of statistical models, and various feature selection methods exist so as to yield sparser and interpretable models. However, their application to biomedical text classification, particularly to mortality risk stratification among intensive care unit (I…