44,715 papers found

BACKGROUND: The immune system has a central role in controlling cancer, and factors that influence protective antitumour immunity could therefore have a significant impact on the course of malignant disease. Opioids are essential for the management of cancer pain, and preclinical studies indicate that opioids have the…

BACKGROUND: Sexual and other forms of gender-based violence are common in conflict settings and are known risk factors for mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. We present findings from a systematic review of the academic and grey literature focused on the effectiveness of mental health and psychosocial support int…

OBJECTIVE: Lithium neurotoxicity may be reversible or irreversible. Reversible lithium neurotoxicity has been defined as cases of lithium neurotoxicity in which patients recovered without any permanent neurologic sequelae, even after 2 months of an episode of lithium toxicity. Cases of reversible lithium neurotoxicity…

This article reviews the current status of robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) with outcome analysis. The published English literature (PubMed) database was searched extensively for major publications and large series on RARP. The search was carried out over the preceding 3-year period. Selected series were t…

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to document the state of open access (OA) in the biomedical field in 2005. METHODS: PubMed was used to collect bibliographic data on target articles published in 2005. PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, and OAIster were then used to establish the availability of free full text online f…

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and high-quality meta-analysis to determine whether prophylactic drain placement reduces adverse bleeding events in thyroid surgery. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (OVID and PubMed), CENTRAL, CDSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE, EMBASE, PREMEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE, CINAHL, BIOSIS Pre…

OBJECTIVES: There is much controversy surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of patients with bipolar II disorder (BP II). To address the growing need to find effective treatment strategies for patients with BP II, this article identifies and summarizes available published evidence specific to the pharmacotherapy of B…

Globally, the threat of diabetes mellitus causes health issues and economic burdens on families. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an internationally recommended and reliable gold-standard marker to assess the presence and severity of diabetes. It can be measured using both lab-based standard tests and point-of-care testi…

BACKGROUND: Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents significant management challenges, with decompressive surgery being a critical intervention. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of controlled decompression versus conventional decompression techniques in managing severe TBI across multiple outcomes. METH…

BACKGROUND: Exercise intervention (EI) is a promising and economical way for elderly patients with hip fracture, but the evidence regarding effective EIs remains fragmented and controversial, and it is unclear which type of exercise is optimal. The purpose of this Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare and…

Spasticity continues to be a very prevalent, highly invalidating, and difficult-to-manage symptom in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of cannabis and cannabinoids in these patients, evaluating its use as an additional therapy.We perform…

INTRODUCTION: Many infectious diseases display seasonal variation corresponding with particular conditions. In orthopaedics a growing body of evidence has identified surges in post-operative infection rates during higher temperature periods. The aim of this research was to collate and synthesize the current literature…

OBJECTIVE: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to evaluate whether tranexamic acid (TXA) could significantly reduce blood loss during and after cesarean section (CS) when compared with no TXA. STUDY DESIGN: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and We…

INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have evaluated the association between FCGR2A H131R (rs1801274) polymorphism and idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), but results remain inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to clarify these controversies. METHODS: Literatures on PubMed/ Medline, Embase and CENTR…

Background Implementation science increasingly tests implementation strategies as interventions in their own right, but guidance for choosing among randomized design families remains dispersed across separate methodological literatures. Design selection can become method-driven rather than question-driven, producing tr…

BACKGROUND: The optimal corticosteroid regimen for septic shock, particularly the dosing and combination of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone, remains uncertain due to inconsistent mortality findings across trials. METHODS: We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized cont…

BACKGROUND: Biofeedback therapy is increasingly used to manage myofascial orofacial pain and bruxism, but the overall strength and consistency of the evidence remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: This umbrella review aimed to synthesize and critically evaluate evidence from systematic reviews on the effectiveness of biofeedbac…

Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, non-communicable, multifactorial disease in which the balance between demineralization and remineralization determines whether an initial enamel lesion remains stable, arrests, or progresses toward cavitation. Contemporary caries management prioritizes preservation of tooth structur…

BACKGROUND: Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is a known neurotoxin and environmental contaminant. Despite its recognition, the underlying mechanisms by which Cr (VI) induces neurological damage remain insufficiently explored. The complexities of the Central Nervous System (CNS), including the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and…

INTRODUCTION: Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are responsible for the generation of myelinating oligodendrocytes and are essential for myelination and repair of the central nervous system (CNS). In past decades, many methods have been presented for the reliable isolation and culture of OPCs to facilitate resear…