5,084,101 papers found

BACKGROUND: The implementation of condition-specific falls prevention interventions is proving challenging due to lack of critical mass and resources. Given the similarities in falls risk factors across stroke, Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the development of an intervention designed for groups…

PURPOSE: To summarize the evidence comparing the effectiveness of short and long courses of oral antibiotics for infections treated in outpatient settings. METHODS: We identified systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials for children and adults with bacterial infections treated in outpatient settings from Med…

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the safety and clinical effectiveness of endovascular rectal artery embolisation (RAE) for symptomatic haemorrhoids.

The potential advantages of using epidemiology in animal welfare research are substantial and are used with increased frequency. Collaboration between scientists of different fields, with different specific expertise is advantageous in the advancement of science. In this review, a framework to use epidemiology in anima…

For several years now, the survival of preterm infants has been increasing, which has shifted our concern to preterm infants born before 28 weeks of gestation in particular. The timing of umbilical cord clamping may lead to several disorders, especially when done early (10-15 seconds). In the last two decades, several…

Opioid use for chronic noncancer pain poses a challenge to the gynecologist, and weaning opioids is often a goal for clinicians and patients. In some cases, opioid cessation can be achieved by weaning a patient's prescribed opioid or with symptomatic management with long-acting opioids or alpha2-adrenergic medications.…

Care for patients with colon and rectal cancer has improved in the last 20 years; however, a considerable variation still exists in cancer management and outcome between European countries. Large variation is also apparent between national guidelines and patterns of cancer care in Europe. Therefore, EURECCA, which…

Acupuncture is often recommended for obstetrical and gynecological conditions but the evidence is confusing. We aim to summarize all recent systematic reviews in this area. Western and Asian electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews of any type of acupuncture for any type of gynecological conditions. Ou…

Hypnic headache is a rare form of primary headache with attacks occurring exclusively with sleep. As it is typical of the elderly, a wide range of alternative diagnosis must be considered. We present a case report of a 54-year-old woman with unsuspected secondary hypnic headache that was relieved by anti-hypertensive t…

The detection of remote homolog pairs of proteins using computational methods is a pivotal problem in structural bioinformatics, aiming to compute protein folds on the basis of information in the database of known structures. In the last 25 years, several methods have been developed to tackle this problem, based on dif…

Over 1450 references to original papers, reviews and monographs have herein been collected to document the development of molecular imprinting science and technology from the serendipitous discovery of Polyakov in 1931 to recent attempts to implement and understand the principles underlying the technique and its use in…

Recently, Kaiser (2003) raised concerns over the increase in brain damage claims reportedly due to exposure to welding fumes. In the present article, we discuss methodological problems in conducting neuropsychological research on the effects of welding exposure, using a recent paper by Bowler et al. (2003) as an exampl…

The success of current efforts towards evidence-based health services in many countries depends on efficient transfer of research findings to health practitioners. However, there is a lag in research being adopted. In part this is due to difficulties in interpreting or generalising research findings, in part to inertia…

Systematic reviews of the literature provide a summary of the current status of medical scientific research. They are important for the solution of medical questions by doctors active in clinical practice, may serve to support practice guidelines, and are used in health care to take policy decisions and to determine th…

Increasing weight is being given to applying an evidence-based approach to clinical practice. There is evidence to support a range of preventive measures which the profession and patients can apply to maximize the control of caries and periodontal disease. This paper examines the strength of evidence to support the adv…

Biochemical markers of bone turnover have emerged as powerful tools to aid in managing osteoporosis. The newer bone markers have been intensively studied for more than a decade. As a result, we can now confidently report their clinical utility in assessing risk of rapid bone loss and fracture, and monitoring therapy in…

Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials is a relatively new and important development. Three approaches have been developed: component, checklist, and scale assessment. Component approaches evaluate selected aspects of trials, such as masking. Checklists and scales involve lists of items thought to be int…

The recent growth in the numbers of published systematic reviews reflects growing recognition of their importance for improving knowledge about the effects of health care. In Britain the NHS R&D Programme has established two centres to prepare systematic reviews of existing information, and the Cochrane Collaboration--…

Publication bias occurs if the results from studies which have not been published are different from the published ones. From a Bayesian viewpoint, it also concerns non-publication of studies with similar results as the published ones because the strength of the evidence will be influenced. Publication bias complicates…

Volume-targeted ventilation (VTV) has been increasingly used in neonatology. In systematic reviews, VTV has been shown to reduce the risk of neonatal morbidities and improve long-term outcomes. It is adaptive ventilation using complex computer algorithms to deliver ventilator inflations with expired tidal volumes close…