5,005,647 papers found

INTRODUCTION: Statins are among the most effective drugs in lowering cholesterol levels and, consequently, in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Although generally well tolerated, they have adverse effects that may reduce patient adherence to therapy. The objective of this evidence-based review is to summ…

BACKGROUND: Socio-economic inequalities are associated with unequal exposure to social, economic and environmental risk factors, which in turn contribute to health inequalities. Understanding the impact of specific public health policy interventions will help to establish causality in terms of the effects on health ine…

OBJECTIVES: Despite the success of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programmes, low uptake of services and poor retention pose a formidable challenge to achieving the elimination of vertical HIV transmission in low- and middle-income countries. This systematic review summarises interventions th…

BACKGROUND: Effective condom use can prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwanted pregnancy. We conducted a systematic review and methodological appraisal of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to promote effective condom use. METHODS: We searched for all RCTs of interventions to promot…

OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of patient and public involvement (PPI) in the mesolevel and macrolevel of healthcare (different from PPI in research) and identify directions for future research by mapping contexts, terminology, conceptual frameworks, measured outcomes and research gaps. DESIGN: Mapping review of s…

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) called for the expansion of all nursing roles, including advanced practice nurses (APNs), nurse practitioners (NPs) and clinical nurse specialists (CNSs). A clearer understanding of the impact of these roles will inform global priorities for advanced practice nursing ed…

BACKGROUND: Carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) is a sub-clinical radiologic marker of atherosclerosis in children. It is associated with adult-onset vascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine normal pediatric values of IMT from results observed in the literature. METHODS: Our systematic review was conducted a…

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) is critical for disease prevention and maintaining functional ability with aging. Despite this, as many as 50% of older adults in populations worldwide are considered insufficiently active. There is a recognized need to mobilize policies targeted toward modifiable determinants of he…

BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to maternal and paternal smoking has been investigated as a potential environmental risk factor for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. Although many studies have examined these associations, the consistency and magnitude of the effect remain unclear. This umbrell…

OBJECTIVES: Erosive tooth wear (ETW) is a prevalent, irreversible condition; however, despite the availability of numerous anti-erosive dentifrices, heterogeneity among systematic reviews limits clear clinical guidance. This umbrella review synthesizes and critically appraises the highest-level secondary evidence on th…

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is an ongoing explosion in the amount and quality, of research in the field of Endourology. From a solid basis of systematic reviews and small, single centre trials it has been possible to design large randomised controlled trials in the UK and in the USA. This review will describe some of the…

Objectives To identify the agriculture, food, and nutrition security interventions that facilitate sustainable food production and have a positive impact on health. Methods Systematic review methods were used to synthesize evidence from multiple systematic reviews and economic evaluations through a comprehensive search…

Multiple randomized controlled trials on in-home end-of-life (EOL) programs, often with multifaceted and varying components, have shown benefits and reduced costs. The objective of this review was to determine which components of these programs are most commonly associated with better outcomes than usual care. MEDLINE,…

BACKGROUND: Although conventional adenocarcinoma accounts for the majority of prostatic carcinomas, it is important to recognize rare variants, like basal cell carcinoma (BCC), which has distinctive histopathological and biological features. CASE REPORT: We analyzed three cases of prostatic BCC and all of them complai…

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to examine the methods used in systematic reviews of safety across a range of complementary therapies to assess the variation in approach and the potential for developing guidance on conduct and reporting. DESIGN: Systematic reviews focusing on safety were retrieved from NHS…

The application of neuro-modulation techniques in general is currently gaining acceptance in various aspects of medicine. Neuro-modulation is defined as: "Therapeutical interventions using implantable devices to modify the functioning of central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems". Following lumbar disc surgery,…

Abnormal uterine bleeding in terms of menstrual disorders and postmenopausal bleeding are common clinical problems in both primary and secondary care. Advances in diagnostic and therapeutic technologies have offered opportunities to improve the outcomes of women suffering with these complaints. Future research should c…

INTRODUCTION: Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia is a common mitochondrial disease that shares clinical, enzymatic, and genetic features with other mitochondrial disorders. Effective treatment does not exist, and corrective surgery of the ptosis as a palliative measure is a treatment option. PATIENTS AND MET…

OBJECTIVE: To explore development of possible approaches leading to a sensitive and precise Medline search to identify observational studies of the association between oral contraceptives and breast cancer, an adverse event. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We compared the results of a series of Medline searches to a gold st…

In this article we review the evidence supporting the need to achieve a target blood pressure (BP) under 130-80 mm Hg in diabetic patients, as recent international guidelines recommend (JNC VII, ESH-ESC and ADA). We have analyzed the explicit arguments used in these guidelines, 3 clinical trials designed to determine w…