11,525,970 papers found

The FASTER Trial was a multicenter National Institute of Child Health and Human Development sponsored study of Down syndrome screening in a large unselected obstetric population using first and second trimester maternal serum markers and first trimester nuchal translucency sonography. The following paper will describe…

Bacterial antibiotic resistance has been deemed one of the largest modern threats to human health. One of the root causes of antibiotic resistance is the inability of traditional wastewater management techniques, such as filtration and disinfection, to completely eliminate residual antibiotics from domestic and industr…

The aim is to estimate HBV prevalence and the associated risks among noninjecting cocaine users (NICUs). In 2002-2003, a total of 824 NICUs from Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Montevideo (Uruguay) were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Serologic tests were carried out for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), h…

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to explore factors influencing career deciding amongst pharmacy students and graduates in the U.K. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Group interviews were used to devise a topic guide for five subsequent focus groups with pharmacy students and graduates. Focus groups were tape-record…

HIGHLIGHTS A grain handling scenario-based survey was administered to college students studying agriculture. Participants chose an action after reading each scenario and ranked factors affecting their decision-making. Most participants chose a "safe" option and claimed to value their personal safety when making decisio…

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a common disease in pediatric populations. Family functioning has been related to child adaptation to diabetes. PURPOSE: To determine the impact of family factors on diabetes, particularly the influence of family support and family environment on adherence to treatment, quality of life, and met…

Over the past few decades, the case-control method has been mostly applied to risk-factor studies of chronic diseases. Recently, among its new applications is the use of the method to study the health effect of improvements in sanitation and water supply. The methodological considerations, prospects and constraints of…

Amid the rapid integration of technology in education, this study investigates the divergent effects of digital factors on learning outcomes in a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)-aligned English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in mathematic context. Specifically, it examines how technostress, perceived AI dependency, and…

While a number of studies have attributed critical incident stressors to alcohol abuse among police officers, no study has examined the role gambling, if any, plays on problematic alcohol consumption. Therefore, data from the Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland, 1997-1999 are a…

A total of 125 heroin users were recruited from a detention center and two psychiatric hospitals in northern Taiwan during 2006 in order to investigate the prevalence and correlates of blood-borne infections among heroin users. The seroprevalence rates of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV),…

BACKGROUND: Social support is frequently linked to positive parenting behavior. Similarly, studies increasingly show a link between neighborhood residential environment and positive parenting behavior. However, less is known about how the residential environment influences parental social support. To address this gap,…

The human visual system can extract information on surface reflectance (lightness) from light intensity; this, however, confounds information on reflectance and illumination. We hypothesized that the visual system, to solve this lightness problem, utilizes the internally held prior assumption that illumination falls fr…

BACKGROUND: There is no information about the desire and motivation for children among planned lesbian families. The overall aim of this research was to examine whether planned lesbian families differ from heterosexual families in desire and motivation to have a child. The reason for studying this is that desire and mo…

BACKGROUND: Portfolios, widely used in undergraduate and postgraduate medicine, have variable purposes, formats and success. A recent systematic review summarised factors necessary for successful portfolio introduction but there are no studies investigating the views of students inexperienced in portfolio use towards p…

OBJECTIVE: The importance of race and ethnicity in biomedical research has long been a subject of debate, recently heightened by data revealed by the completion of the sequencing of the human genome and the mapping of human genetic variation. We aimed to determine whether and how the reporting of race has changed over…

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) are common in the geriatric population. However, differentiation between IDA and ACD is still problematic. Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron homeostasis: downregulation in the presence of iron deficiency allows enteral iron resorption, whil…

GWAF, Genome-Wide Association analyses with Family, is an R package designed for GWAF. It implements association tests between a batch of genotyped or imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a binary or continuous trait with user specified genetic model, and generates informative results from the analyses. I…

BACKGROUND: The study sets out to either confirm or refute a recent study's findings that chicken meat is an unlikely source of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Infantis (Salmonella Infantis) in humans in the Kyushu-Okinawa region, Japan. METHODS: A total of 74 Salmonella Infantis isolates (30 from huma…