382,819 papers found

We propose cumulative meta-analysis as the procedure of completing a new meta-analysis at each successive wave in a research database. Two facets of cumulative knowledge are considered: the first, sufficiency, refers to whether the meta-analytic database adequately demonstrates that a public health intervention works.…

The relationship between breast-feeding and childhood obesity is of great interest. Since 2000, sixteen studies have been published with conflicting data regarding the potential protective effect of breast-feeding on childhood obesity. A narrative review of Dewey in 2003 suggested a protective effect of breast-feeding,…

This paper reviews publications from January 1999 to March 2001 on reproductive health topics that were self-identified as meta-analysis or were indexed as meta-analysis in MEDLINE. It sought to assess whether tests of statistical heterogeneity were done, whether the results were reported, and how a finding of signific…

Seven studies selected for meta-analysis of the denial variable in a large-scale meta-analysis of predictors of sexual recidivism are briefly reviewed and a number of methodologic issues are identified that relate to interpretation of the failure of meta-analysis to find an effect for the denial variable. These include…

Synthesis of research findings has a long-standing tradition in science. While synthesis is currently required in the US food and drug regulatory process, formal meta-analysis may substitute for a pivotal study or broaden the generalizability of drug efficacy through a preplanned meta-analysis. Preplanned meta-analysis…

Meta-analysis has attracted great interest among clinical practitioners in recent years, leading to a steady output of related publications. Meta-analytic articles are easily found in the MEDLINE database using the publication-type option. This paper reviews how to use and understand meta-analysis with a special refere…

Whilst meta-analysis is becoming a more commonplace statistical technique, Bayesian inference in meta-analysis requires complex computational techniques to be routinely applied. We consider simple approximations for the first and second moments of the parameters of a Bayesian random effects model for meta-analysis. The…

In essence, the statistical overview (or meta-analysis) does little more than many medical scientists and practising clinicians have been attempting for years: estimating the average size of an effect from an apparently disparate medical literature. The statistical overview provides a method of pooling the results of c…

Two models for study-to-study variation in a meta-analysis are presented, critiqued and illustrated. One, the fixed effects model, takes the studies being analysed as the universe of interest; the other, the random effects model, takes these studies as representing a sample from a larger population of possible studies.…

It is argued that personality scales of neuroticism and anxiety are tapping the same personality trait and that this is a risk factor for neurotic disorders. To see whether this trait is modifiable, a meta-analysis was carried out of therapy outcome studies which included a measure of trait anxiety or neuroticism as a…

The evidence pyramid, originally intended to guide clinicians and students in understanding levels of clinical evidence. Over time, systematic reviews and meta-analyses were elevated to the apex of this hierarchy, often misconstrued as superior to primary research. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, while powerful i…

In this critical appraisal of a meta-analysis on vitamin D for primary depression, we uncovered several methodological issues, including deviations from stated eligibility criteria, questionable analytical decisions, and the omission of a high-quality clinical trial in the subgroup analyses that supported their main co…

Meta-analytic methods provide a way to synthesize data across treatment evaluation studies. However, these well-accepted methods are infrequent with behavior analytic studies. Multilevel models may be a promising method to meta-analyze single-case data. This technical article provides a primer for how to conduct a mult…

AIM: Bayesian statistical methods can allow for more complete and accurate incorporation of evidence in meta-analyses. However, these methods remain under-utilized. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted to examine the proportion of biomedical meta-analyses that used Bayesian methods in the period 2005-2016. The revi…

OBJECTIVES: It is important to control the quality level of the observational studies in conducting meta-analyses. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) is a representative tool used for this purpose. We investigated the relationship between high-quality (HQ) defined using NOS and the results of subgroup analysis according…

Goodness of fit evaluation should be a natural step in assessing and reporting dose-response meta-analyses from aggregated data of binary outcomes. However, little attention has been given to this topic in the epidemiological literature, and goodness of fit is rarely, if ever, assessed in practice. We briefly review th…

In research aimed at improving human health care, animal studies still play a crucial role, despite political and scientific efforts to reduce preclinical experimentation in laboratory animals. In animal studies, the results and their interpretation are not always straightforward, as no single study is executed perfect…

Population level studies commonly induce the ecological fallacy i.e., the belief that a relationship identified at the population level implies a cause and effect relationship at the level of the individual. A recent research report (DAMASCENE) that related clinical trial effect sizes in cardiovascular cell therapy tri…

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of data and code availability and sharing practices in meta-analyses from highly ranked sports journals. METHODS: A MEDLINE search via PubMed on September 11, 2024 identified 228 meta-analyses. We randomly selected 157 studies and assessed availability…

Bang and Zhao address an important methodological gap by proposing meta-analytic methods for cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) based on separate pooling of incremental costs (ΔC) and incremental effectiveness (ΔE), with summaries displayed on the cost-effectiveness plane. We share the aim of expanding the t…