5,084,806 papers found

Testosterone is unquestionably a normal female hormone that exerts important physiological effects in multiple tissues. Clinical trials have consistently demonstrated benefits of testosterone therapy on several domains of sexual function for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire causing substantial personal conce…

This review aimed to synthesise the methods for assessing and reporting footwear characteristics among studies evaluating the effect of footwear on running biomechanics. Electronic searches of Scopus®, EBSCO, PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, and Web of Science® were performed to identify original research a…

Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, its management remains complex and depends on several variables. Over the past decade, catheter ablation has been widely used as an effective method for rhythm control in AF patients. Therefore, AF ablation has been the focus of many studies in re…

Dietary guidelines and recommendations, usually developed by government bodies or large authoritative organizations, have major downstream effects on public policy. A growing body of evidence supports the notion that there are serious deficiencies in the methods used to develop dietary guidelines. Such deficiencies inc…

Although multiple innovative treatments of inflammatory bowel disease have become available, research continues to refine the value of existing drug therapies for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. What can Cochrane reviews tell us about evolving applications for traditional agents in inflammatory bowel disease? A…

BACKGROUND: The process of systematically reviewing research evidence is useful for collecting, assessing and summarizing results from multiple studies planned to answer the same clinical question. The term "systematic" implies that the process, besides being organized and complete, is transparent and fully reported to…

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is beset with numerous problems. In addition to the fact that varied audiences have each customarily sought differing types of evidence, EBM traditionally incorporated a hierarchy of clinical research designs, placing systematic reviews and meta-analyses at the pinnacle. Yet the canonical…

Although various expert and consensus meetings have been held, there remains uncertainty about the definition of idiopathic short stature (ISS) and its subgroups. In this short review, the hypothetical pathophysiology, diagnosis and subcategorization of ISS are discussed. ISS in childhood may be the result of a combina…

With the abundant number of articles published in lung cancer, it has become very difficult to stay updated. After a search through variety of medical journal for articles published between March and June 2010, we selected the studies considered to have the greatest relevance for oncologists involved in the treatment o…

A review of the scientific evidence available on antibiotic prophylaxis in urinary tract infections in childhood is presented. The evidence supporting prolonged antibiotic use in the prevention of urinary tract infection and the development of renal scars is scarce and of low quality. Most studies have been performed i…

A review of the scientific evidence available on the validity of urinalysis in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in childhood is presented. Numerous studies evaluating the validity of distinct urinalysis parameters have been published. Although many of these studies have methodological deficiencies, the indicato…

Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) aims to recruit residual function of the anorectal continence organ by electrostimulation of its peripheral nerve supply. Since its first application for the treatment of fecal incontinence in 1994, its acceptance has been broadened and it is today considered a valuable addition to the th…

A large number of patients present with fecal incontinence due to idiopathic pelvic neuropathy or lesions of pelvic nerves, iatrogenic or secondary to other pelvic diseases or dysfunctions, involving sacral nerves. On the other hand, in many patients, constipation could be related to a peripheral neuropathy impairing n…

The present chapter describes the most important available experimental and clinical evidence on the role of electrical stimulation of the cerebellum or the thalamus in the control of epilepsy. Cerebellum serves as an integrator of sensory information and regulator of motor coordinating and training. The sole output of…

OBJECTIVE: To find if a particular quality score was better than others at validly scoring the quality of randomized controlled trials, both by examining the consistency of dividing studies into high and low quality and using a large study as a reference standard. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational study of meta-…

On August 30, 2002, an international panel of neurologists who specialize in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) was convened in Paris (France) to discuss the issue of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) to interferon beta (IFN-beta) therapy in patients with MS. The goals of this meeting were to: (i) review the most rec…

There is now strong evidence from systematic reviews of randomised trials to support the use of magnesium sulphate for the prevention and treatment of eclampsia. Magnesium sulphate more than halves the risk of eclampsia for women with pre-eclampsia (relative risk (RR) 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29-0.58; numbe…

Systematic literature reviews with meta-analysis of reported data in diagnostic research studies about the accuracy of tests assist clinicians in decision-making. However, there are limitations to this approach as the analysis of such data often does not allow reviewers to explore the diagnostic information gained from…