386,619 papers found

OBJECTIVES: Few head-to-head comparisons of cocaine dependence medications exist, and combining data from different randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is fraught with methodological challenges including limited generalizability of the RCT findings. This study applied a novel meta-analytic approach to data of cocaine d…

This article is a review and analysis of published and unpublished research on the efficacy of both dilute heparin solutions and normal saline solutions in flushing and maintaining the patency of vascular catheters. Twenty studies involving both intravenous and intraarterial catheters in pediatric and adult patients ar…

Evolutionary-related hypotheses about gender differences in mate selection preferences were derived from Triver's parental investment model, which contends that women are more likely than men to seek a mate who possesses nonphysical characteristics that maximize the survival or reproductive prospects of their offspring…

A meta-analysis was performed on the response times (RTs) of Alzheimer patients and normal subjects for 61 experimental conditions. Regression of the RTs of Alzheimer patients against those of young normals yielded a linear function: Alzheimer (time) = A+B Young (time), where B was a constant proportion of 2.3. As deme…

Meta-analysis of published series of intramedullary rod fixation in fractured femurs revealed significantly higher union rates, lower deep infection rates and a better range of knee motion when closed rather than open techniques of insertion were used. A separate retrospective review of 58 femoral fractures at one hosp…

The role of meta-analysis of published reports in elucidating the link between sodium and blood pressure was examined. The risk of systematic bias produced by selective publication and inclusion of inadequately controlled trials may lead to spurious conclusions. In addition, the assumption of linearity in order to prod…

Testing the efficacy of lamotrigine (LTG) in epileptic patients has been approached in several ways. The first pilot study examined the effect of a single dose of LTG in patients with frequent interictal spikes, and a reduction in spike frequency was observed. Subsequently, single doses reduced photosensitivity in appr…

The orthopedic surgeon performing total hip arthroplasty (THA) today has many choices in the selection of the implant and mode of fixation. The clinical perspective, obtained from the available literature, is presented to facilitate these decisions by reviewing results of cemented and cementless primary and revision TH…

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to determine whether exposure at work to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. METHODS: Data from 14 studies providing information on lung cancer and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at work were examined. Six quality criteria were…

A critical overview of 19 case-control studies that have investigated the relationship between prone sleeping position and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is presented. Issues relating to the non-comparability of the studies are described in terms of: (i) case definition; (ii) selection of controls; (iii) quality o…

One particular weakness of psychology that was left implicit by Meehl is the fact that psychological theories tend to be verbal theories, permitting at best ordinal predictions. Such predictions do not enable the high-risk tests that would strengthen our belief in the verisimilitude of theories but instead lead to the…