5,084,806 papers found

Histopathologic examination of the pathologic specimens using hematoxylin & eosin stains represents the backbone of the modern pathology. It is time-consuming; thus, "real-time" assessment of prostatic and periprostatic tissue has gained special interest in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. The current s…

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the methodological and reporting quality of updated systematic reviews (SRs) and original SRs. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We included 30 pairs of non-Cochrane updated and original SRs, identified from a search of PubMed and Embase.com. We used Assessment of Multiple Syste…

Evidence for the effect of preconception and periconceptional risk factors on childhood outcomes such as obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life is growing. Issues such as maternal malnutrition need to be addressed before pregnancy, to prevent a transgenerational passage of risk of NCDs. The ai…

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a clinical disorder associated with high socioeconomic burden. Despite its importance, management of IBS remains difficult and several interventions have been hypothesized as beneficial for this condition. This study identified and summarized all Cochrane systematic reviews…

PURPOSE: Biologic meshes are being increasingly used for abdominal hernia repair in high-risk patients or patients with a previous history of wound infection, due to their infection-resistant properties. Several studies have been carried out to assess whether biologic mesh is superior to synthetic mesh, as well as to e…

BACKGROUND: Rosacea is a highly prevalent, chronic inflammatory disease. The treatment of rosacea remains a challenge to dermatologists. Therapies include skin care, medications, lasers, and various combinations of these modalities. The appropriate treatment depends on clinical types and patient's various clinical symp…

In 1972, Archie Cochrane wrote "It is surely a great criticism of our profession that we have not organised a critical summary, by specialty or subspecialty, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomised controlled trials". The Cochrane Collaboration arose in response to Archie Cochrane's challenge. Cochrane Eyes an…

INTRODUCTION: So far, the concept of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) failed its translation from experimental to clinical studies. In addition to our Cochrane Systematic Review, we systematically assessed the use of the intravenous anesthetic propofol, as a potential confounding factor. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We…

This review focuses on oxidative stress and more specifically lipid peroxidation in cardiac surgery, one of the fundamental theories of perioperative complications. We present the molecular pathways leading to lipid peroxidation and integrate analytical methods that allow detection of lipid peroxidation markers in the…

The increasing emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms creates a therapeutic challenge for physicians treating ventilator-associated respiratory infections. As the production of new systemic antibiotics lags far behind the emergence of worsening antibiotic resistance, intensivists are turning to inhaled antibiotics…

BACKGROUND: Intraperitoneal local anesthetic (IPLA) reduces postoperative pain as shown by previous systematic reviews. The purpose of this review was to compare the efficacy of IPLA between different types of procedure and to formulate GRADE recommendations for the use of IPLA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic sea…

OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics, and estimate the incidence, of trials included in systematic reviews deviating from the intention-to-treat (ITT) principle. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A 5% random sample of reviews were selected (Medline 2006-2010). Trials from reviews were classified based on the ITT: (1) I…

OBJECTIVE: To identify interventions that facilitate sustainable jobs and have a positive impact on the health of workers in health sector workplaces. METHODS: This overview utilized systematic review methods to synthesize evidence from multiple systematic reviews and economic evaluations. A comprehensive search was c…

BACKGROUND: Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) is still a concern in many parts of the world, and multiple intervention strategies are being implemented to reduce the prevalence of VAD and associated morbidity and mortality. Because some individuals within a population may be exposed to multiple VA interventions, concerns…

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to look at the pros and cons of using physiologic gas to produce foam for use in sclerotherapy. With the expanding use of foam sclerotherapy, there have been increased reports of transient neurologic adverse events such as visual disturbance. Although rare, increased numbers of seri…

BACKGROUND: Leisure time is increasingly spent in sedentary pursuits such as screen-viewing (eg, television/DVD viewing and computer use), motorised travel, school/work and sitting-based socialising (eg, social media and chatting). Sedentary screen time, particularly TV, appears to play an important role in the aetiolo…

BACKGROUND: Until now, multiple reviews on the pharmacological treatment of dementia have been published. METHODS: We performed a scoping review to summarize research findings and to identify gaps in the existing literature. We searched the literature and assessed the risk of bias of the included reviews. A team of cl…

Studies investigating the associations between Cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk report conflicting results. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between CYP2E1 gene Rsa I/Pst I, Dral T/A and 96-bp insertion polymorphisms and CRC susceptibility. Two investigato…

A limited number of publications indicate that certain interferons (IFNs) may have a role in difficult-to-treat tuberculosis. We present a 48-year-old male diabetic patient who was referred to our department with the presumptive diagnosis of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. During the previous 8 months, he had been tr…

OBJECTIVE: To develop guidelines for management and treatment of maladaptive aggression in the areas of family engagement, assessment and diagnosis, and initial management, appropriate for use by primary care clinicians and mental health providers. Maladaptive aggression in youth is increasingly treated with psychotrop…