44,768 papers found

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the autoimmune and chronic diseases of the central nervous system; this disease occurs more frequently in young people and women and leads to neurological symptoms. Oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and oligodendrocyte dysfunction have a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of t…

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the comparative diagnostic accuracy of cardiac computed tomography (CT) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for detecting infective endocarditis. METHODS: Original publications published in English language before July, 2021 were thoroughly search in PubMed, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central…

BACKGROUND: Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common form of primary headache. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to document and summarize the advances in the understanding of TTH in terms of pathogenesis and management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the available literature on the pathogenesis and manag…

Among heterogeneous primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), gliomas are the most frequent type, with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) characterized with the worst prognosis. In their development, certain chemokine/receptor axes play important roles and promote proliferation, survival, metastasis, and neoangiog…

The objectification of "" of acupuncture is a hot topic in acupuncture research at present, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most frequently-used techniques for revealing its brain responses. We searched literature about "" from PubMed in recent 10 years by using key words """acupuncture s…

BACKGROUND: Pain chronification is a dynamic transition in which persistent pain may be shaped by interacting nociceptive, peripheral, spinal, supraspinal, neuroimmune, endocrine and cognitive-affective processes. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has clinical value in chronic pain, but claims about glial modulation a…

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a fundamental component of the gastrointestinal system, composed of a vast network of neurons and glial cells. It operates autonomously but is interconnected with the central nervous system (CNS) through the vagus nerve. This communication, known as the gut-brain axis, influences the…

Differentiating glioma from primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) can be challenging, and current diagnostic measures such as MRI and biopsy are of limited efficacy. Liquid biopsies, which detect circulating biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRs), may provide valuable insights into diagnostic biomarkers for impr…

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome may be underdiagnosed. It can be accompanied by various complications, mainly intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. The clinical presentation of this condition varies according to its localization. The aims of this review are to raise awareness…

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to determine the rate and risk factors of paratracheal lymph node (PTLN) involvement during total laryngectomy (TL) or total pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL). In addition, we aimed to assess its prognostic significance in terms of survival and peristomal recurrence. METHODS: A co…

Patients who are bedridden often suffer from muscular atrophy due to reduced daily activities and can become depressed. However, patients who undergo physical therapy sometimes demonstrate positive benefits including a reduction of stressful and depressed behavior. Regenerative medicine has seen improvements in two ste…

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, neuroimaging, treatment, and outcome of stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome, and to propose diagnostic criteria for this disorder. DATA SOURCES: We searched the PubMed database for articles in English published from 1995…

BACKGROUND: The adverse health effects of abdominal obesity are well documented in adults, but such association remains to be determined in the pediatric age group. This study aims to perform a systematic review on the association between abdominal obesity and cardio-metabolic factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension…

PURPOSE: Mild adverse drug reactions typically associated with antimicrobials are familiar to most clinicians. However, rare phenomena, such as neurotoxicity, are often unpredictable and potentially unexpected. The toxic effects of antimicrobials on the central nervous system are often underreported and the mechanism(s…

INTRODUCTION: Despite advances in understanding nociplastic pain and central sensitization, fibromyalgia remains a challenging clinical diagnosis due to the absence of specific biomarkers, extensive symptom overlap with other conditions, and persistent misconceptions about its pathophysiology. AREAS COVERED: This narr…

BACKGROUND: This systematic review aimed to summarize the epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic challenges, antimicrobial resistance, and clinical outcomes of community-acquired central nervous system (CNS) infections in Western Asian countries. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed was conducted for studies published f…

: Inhibitory processes in the nervous system are traditionally conceptualized as suppressive mechanisms; however, their fundamental role is the refinement and optimization of sensory information. In nociception, this function is mediated by the descending pain inhibitory system (DPIS), which modulates nociceptive trans…

Severe disease progression, including secondary bacterial infections and sepsis, can occur both during initial infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and its reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. This remains a fairly common problem. However, in most cases, the disease proceeds without complications. In R…

: Fibromyalgia represents the most prevalent of the group of conditions that are known as central sensitivity syndromes. Approximately 2-5% of the adult population in the United States is affected by Fibromyalgia. This pain amplification syndrome has an enormous economic impact as measured by work absenteeism, decrease…

BACKGROUND: Altered central pain modulation is the predominant pain mechanism in a proportion of chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders and is associated with poor outcomes. Although existing studies predict poor outcomes such as persistent pain and disability, to date there is little consensus on what factors specific…