391,885 papers found

This article presents a Meta-Analysis of previous HIV-related neuropsychological research and new data from a study with methodological improvements over early investigations. In this study, the authors compared neuropsychological testing for three groups of adult male homosexuals: (a) HIV seronegative controls (n = 30…

OBJECTIVES: Temporal trends in comparative meta-analyses of interventions are well-recognized in the medical literature. For studies of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA), evidence of temporal trends is growing and the importance of assessing and reporting them has been highlighted in recent guidelines on postmarket survei…

This review focuses on evaluations of particular clinical problems or technologies in dentistry that have used the recently developed technology assessment techniques of decision analysis, meta-analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis. It also discusses general methodologic and implementation issues in the assessment…

Verbal selection test and work performance validity based on two samples of psychiatric aides were both .25, with corrected validities of .60 (n = 40) and .46 (n = 60). When combined with three previous samples (N = 273), meta-analysis yielded a mean validity of .25 (cumulative p = .00003) which provided further eviden…

The purpose of this guide is to provide review criteria for the pharmacoepidemiologic literature. Case-control and cohort studies are the major methodologies used in pharmacoepidemiologic analysis. Evaluation criteria for case-control and cohort studies address proper sample-frame definition, compatibility of cases and…

Ten double-blind randomized studies with omeprazole versus ranitidine in duodenal ulcer healing have been published. The total number of patients in the trials amounted to 2225. To detect treatment differences, a meta-analysis was performed. After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment results have been evaluated. After 2 weeks of…

Selected published studies investigating the existence of thought disorder in close relatives were re-examined in response to the conclusion by Saccuzzo, Callahan, and Madsen (J Nerv Ment Dis 176:368-371, 1988) that "the evidence for thought disorder in the families of schizophrenics is weak and inconclusive." A meta-a…

Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to treat acute soft-tissue injuries. The results of controlled studies are controversial, however, regarding the effect of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in these conditions. This article refers to a meta-analysis from 1990 by Almekinders, summing up a number of s…

The second annual MacArthur Foundation Network I Methodology Workshop focused on the different approaches to implementing randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and the situations in which each approach seems to be most appropriate. We reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches (single-site R…

The findings of many studies conducted before 1978 suggest that Type A behavior (TAB) contributes to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). In contrast, many recent studies have found no association between these variables. Through meta-analysis, several reasons for null findings are identified. First, a type…

In patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) elevated serum cholesterol levels, like other classical risk factors, remain predictive of further coronary events. The excess risk attributable to raised cholesterol levels is considerable, and greater than that in subjects without CHD. A recent meta-analysis of all eight…

The availability of highly effective ulcer-healing agents has made drug therapy the treatment of choice for the large majority of patients with peptic ulceration. Attention has now shifted from healing to reduction of the very high relapse rates still seen with most drug regimens.

In order to assess the strength of the 'evidence base' for the practice of otolaryngology a review of recent journal articles was undertaken. A review of all articles published during the period 1990-1994 in five major general otolaryngology journals was performed. The articles were classified according to a standardiz…

A meta-analysis of the controlled clinical trials comparing the efficacy of combined lithium-imipramine therapy with each drug alone in the prevention of relapse in patients with unipolar depressive illness shows the combination to be superior to lithium alone (for any relapse, p less than 0.05; for specifically depres…