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During the past 15 years, issues regarding the ethical conduct of quality improvement activities have emerged. Recently, many have called for regulation of quality improvement studies using institutional review boards. The author reviews the history of the human rights argument within the context of a relevant, newly r…

Nineteen years ago Douglas (1976), a sociologist, vigorously recommended team field research. As Douglas noted, most ethnography is carried out using the "Lone Ranger" approach, which--while producing a number of excellent studies--generally limits the researcher to small groups or parts of large groups. In the few cas…

OBJECTIVE: The study's aim was to assess the potential therapeutic effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on ranulas in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. STUDY DESIGN: The study includes a retrospective observation of 3 patients who were initially part of a prospective study on the…

OBJECTIVES: Death rates for community-acquired pneumonia based on relatively small-scale, published studies tend to exceed 15% to 20%. This study reexamined these estimates by using very large, population-based databases. METHODS: Death rates from 1993 associated with community-acquired pneumonia were reexamined with…

The success of evaluation research rests largely in its usefulness. If the sponsors of an evaluation find the data meaningful, then the limitations that the problems of evaluation invariably impose on a study's scientific origin should not be given undue emphasis. In the case of MHMC, the evaluation results were used f…

The study's purpose was that the nurses would understand self care theory and theoretical concepts in the background of nursing practice. At the beginning of the research the nurses set the clients' target and solved the clients' problems. As the research progressed the nurses let the clients set their targets. The nur…

Clinical studies in which a major objective is to produce Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival probabilities should be designed to produce those estimates with a desired prespecified precision as measured by their standard errors. By considering the Peto and Greenwood formulae for the estimated standard error of the Kapl…

The relationship of measured residential magnetic fields and wire codes to pregnancy outcome was examined in data collected for a study of childhood cancer in Denver. Pregnancies in homes with measured fields above 0.2 microT or high wire codes were not more likely to end in miscarriage, low birth weight, or preterm de…

In 1989, one hospital noted a high rate of puncture wounds among healthcare workers, many injuries considered preventable. Beginning in 1990, strategies were developed in conjunction with the hospital's Blood and Body Fluid Exposure Task Force. In 1991, the hospital instituted a needle-free system in addition to employ…

A major research project of the Center for Studying Health System Change (HSC) analyzes how the health system is evolving in 60 communities across the United States and the effects of those changes on people. Underway since 1996, the Community Tracking Study, which is funded exclusively by the The Robert Wood Johnson F…

(1) Much of the variation in hospital ownership effect on financial performance can be explained by a study's research focus and methodology. (2) The majority of studies reported no statistically significant difference between not-for-profit and for-profit hospitals in quality of care defined as mortality or other adve…