42,479 papers found

Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is a rare ocular pathology that is notorious for mimicking chronic uveitis, which is a seemingly benign condition in comparison. The most common form of VRL is the diffuse large B-cell type, and there has been a high mortality rate. This dismal prognosis can be improved significantly if the…

Lacosamide (LCM) is a new antiepileptic drug used as an adjunctive treatment for partial seizures with and without secondary generalization. One of the modes of action is the enhancement of slow inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels. Experimental studies and clinical trials suggest that LCM acts upon both neuro…

BACKGROUND: Many applications of transcranial Doppler (TCD) as a diagnosis or monitoring tool have raised interest in the last decades. It is important that clinicians know when and how to perform TCD in this population, what parameter to assess and monitor and how to interpret it. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to descr…

Nicotine has been shown to decrease appetite, food intake (FI) and body weight, but the mechanisms are unclear. The purpose of this review was to examine research on the effects of nicotine on energy balance by exploring physiological mechanisms and hormone regulation related to FI, subjective appetite and energy expen…

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which commonly leads to disability. We reviewed articles on MS from Pakistan using PubMed, Google Scholar and Pak Medinet to present different aspects of the disease and the status of disease modifying treatments in Pakistan and Sout…

PURPOSE: After primary treatment of mandibular condylar fractures, nonunion and malunion can result in considerable malocclusion and temporomandibular joint dysfunction owing to the integral role the condylar head plays in the temporomandibular joint. At present, the choice and timing of treatment are highly heter…

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the clinical outcomes of central pancreatectomy (CP) with distal pancreatectomy (DP). PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Ovid's database were searched for studies published in English language between January 1990 and December 2018. A meta-analysis was performed to compare th…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: People with dementia are at risk of exiting premises unsupervised, eloping, or getting lost, potentially leading to harmful or distressing consequences. This review aimed to estimate the effectiveness of interventions for preventing people with dementia from exiting or getting lost. RESEARCH…

OBJECTIVE: Microangiopathy is a major cause in diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). This review examines evidence from both human and animal studies to elucidate the important microvascular factors in DPN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a literature review of articles published on PubMed in English. RESULTS: There is an ab…

OBJECTIVE: Sensory disturbances are common in chronic pain patients. Hyperacusis can be an especially debilitating experience. Here, we review published work on how the auditory and nociceptive systems might interact in chronic pain syndromes to produce pain-hyperacusis. DESIGN: Literature review. STUDY SAMPLE: The P…

OBJECTIVES: Central nervous system manifestations of sarcoidosis occur in approximately 5% of patients with sarcoidosis, often lead to substantial morbidity, and therefore require immediate treatment. Spinal cord involvement is exceptionally rare. The tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor infliximab seems to be an ef…

We conducted a comprehensive review of studies assessing the efficacy and tolerability of psychostimulants for ADHD-like symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (encompassing autism disorder, Asperger's syndrome and pervasive developmental disorders not otherwise specified). PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, Web of S…

BACKGROUND: Rugby is characterized by high-speed collisions among the players that predispose them to injuries, particularly to the head, neck, and spine. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of current neurological injury prevention strategies in rugby union. METHODS: Systematic review in May 2010. We assessed t…

OBJECTIVES: Guided bone regeneration with alloplastic bone graft substitutes has a high impact in surgical dentistry nowadays. In the future, the orthodontist will inevitably be confronted with patients with such a medical history. A review of the literature was performed to investigate present materials used, indicati…

INTRODUCTION: Neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing cardiovascular surgery are exposed to complex postoperative care and may experience adverse events. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Searches were performed in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS,…

BACKGROUND: The absence of standardized planning and placement strategies for malar implants contributes to variable aesthetic outcomes. METHODS: A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Sc…

INTRODUCTION: Muscle hypertonia is a common symptom in patients with upper motor neuron disorders. To date, the role of intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT) alterations in hypertonic muscle has not been fully explored. This review aimed to identify and characterize alterations in IMCT components in hypertonic muscle…

The brain-meninges interface, comprising of astrocytes and meningeal cells seperated by a shared basement membrane, plays critical roles in the central nervous system. Recent work has shown the importance of signalling between the brain and the meninges in neurodevelopment, health, disease, and in stem cell migration.…

Jones () has a long history of medicinal use owing to its significant therapeutic effects, particularly in the treatment of mental diseases such as depression, and on account of its cytotoxicity against various cancer cells. The chemical composition, pharmacological properties, and mechanisms ofhave been extensively ex…

Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques offer promising therapeutic and regenerative prospects in neurological diseases by modulating brain activity and improving cognitive and motor functions. Given the paucity of knowledge about the underlying modes of action and optimal treatment modalities, a thorough translationa…