5,010,480 papers found

Significant advances have occurred regarding the understanding of etiologic processes that give rise to eating disorders and the design and evaluation of efficacious prevention programs and treatment interventions. Herein we offer suggestions regarding potentially fruitful directions for future research in these areas.…

Over the past decade there has been an increasing realization about the extent of confusion associated with the many terminologies used to describe abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). This led to the organization of an international workshop of 35 experts from 15 countries in Washington, D.C., USA, in 2005, which addresse…

BACKGROUND: Shift work, including night work, has been hypothesized to increase the risk of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Recent reviews of evidence relating to these hypotheses have focussed on specific diseases or potential mechanisms, but no genera…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the measures taken to deal with publication bias across different categories of systematic reviews published in 2006 and to compare these with reviews published in 1996. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: PubMed was searched for systematic reviews published in 2006; 100 treatment effect, 50 diagnostic ac…

BACKGROUND: Waste collectors around the world are at risk for work-related disorders and injuries. The aim of this study was to assess work demands, acute physiologic responses, illnesses, and injuries as a starting point for worker health surveillance (WHS). METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Em…

OBJECTIVE: We describe the heterogeneity of the estimates of the incremental cost per quality-adjusted year of life (QALY) within and between cost-utility studies of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. METHOD: We searched for articles in English published in peer-reviewed journals that perform cost-utility analyse…

OBJECTIVE: Meta-analysis of studies of the accuracy of diagnostic tests currently uses a variety of methods. Statistically rigorous hierarchical models require expertise and sophisticated software. We assessed whether any of the simpler methods can in practice give adequately accurate and reliable results. STUDY DESIG…

Diagnostic tests are critical components of effective health care. They help determine treatments that are most beneficial for a given patient. Their assessment is a complex process that includes such challenges as a dearth of studies that evaluate clinical outcomes and lack of data on use of the test in realistic clin…

INTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation is life saving for many very preterm babies but prolonged use can have adverse effects increasing the risk of subglottic injury and chronic lung disease (CLD). Shorter ventilation should reduce these risks and a number of interventions have been tested to facilitate earlier extubati…

A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate possible neuropsychological effects of treatments for cancer in adults. A search revealed 30 studies, encompassing 29 eligible samples, and leading to inclusion of a total of 838 patients and control participants. A total of 173 effect sizes (Cohen's d) were extracted across 7…

In the early 70's, improvements in methodical procedures of extraction and standardization of ginkgo preparation allowed the production of a highly concentrated and stable extract (EGb 761) (definition see editorial) by the company Dr. Willmar Schwabe, which could be systematically tested in scientific programs. Conseq…

BACKGROUND: Theoretically, doctors update their knowledge from the scientific literature, and bibliographic databases have made it possible to overcome many of the limitations with this information, but not all of them. When faced with a therapeutic issue, the practice of evidence based medicine requires the efficient…

Observational vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies provide essential real-world evidence but are prone to bias. Valid synthesis relies on rigorous risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment in systematic reviews of VE studies. Following JBI guidance, we mapped and described RoB assessment methodologies in systematic reviews of VE stu…

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an overview of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses on magnesium sulfate for acute asthma in children and adults, and to develop evidence-based, age-specific nursing interventions. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, WANFANG, and CBM from inc…

OBJECTIVE: Wearable devices play an important role in managing diabetic patients, and patient demand for them is also on the rise. This overview systematically summarizes and appraises the current evidence on wearable device-based interventions for diabetic patients. METHODS: Systematic reviews/meta-analyses on wearab…

BACKGROUND: Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a common, heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease associated with substantial symptom burden, impaired hand function, reduced quality of life, and work-related disability. Despite its clinical impact, evidence-based guidance for long-term, steroid-sparing topical management has…

INTRODUCTION: Community- and population-level and policy interventions are commonly evaluated using nonrandomized studies (NRS), rather than randomized trials (RCTs). Recent Cochrane reviews of interventions for preventing childhood obesity have been restricted to RCTs, so less is known about the effectiveness of these…

Aggression, conflict and restrictive practices present complexities in acute mental health services, as do implementing service changes to reduce them. Existing published literature needs to offer more high-level guidance on the effectiveness of these service changes and their associated implementation factors. As a re…

PURPOSE: To systematically evaluate evidence from published systematic reviews for the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions in adults with burn injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature review conducted using medical and health science electronic databases up to 31 July 2022. Two independent r…

Two different systems exist for subclassification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) of myeloid malignancies. The two systems differ in their classification of AML defined by recurrent chromosomal abnormalities. One di…