5,085,625 papers found

BACKGROUND: Teams delivering crisis resolution services for people with dementia and their carers provide short-term interventions to prevent admission to acute care settings. There is great variation in these services across the UK. This article reports on a consensus process undertaken to devise a Best Practice Model…

INTRODUCTION: Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease that leads to more than 120,000 deaths every year. In 2019, World Health Organization (WHO) launched a strategy to decrease its global burden by 2030. There is a range of issues around different interventions for the management of snakebite. Decisions around these…

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to explore the impact of run-in periods on the magnitude of treatment effect and the risk of attrition in a sample of randomized trials. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We identified randomized trials from a published systematic review examining the effects of anticholinergics for the treatment of overa…

Dietary supplements (DS) represent a possible approach to improve sperm parameters and male fertility. A wide range of DS containing different nutrients is now available. Although many authors demonstrated benefits from some nutrients in the improvement of sperm parameters, their real effectiveness is still under debat…

BACKGROUND: Regulatory agencies warned against fluoroquinolones for the management of minor infections because of the risk of emerging adverse events (collagen-associated adverse events, neuropsychiatric toxicity and long-term disability). We aimed to assess quality and credibility of evidence as well as causality rega…

In preparation for the International Society for Clinical Densitometry Position Development Conference (PDC) 2019 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, a cross-calibration and precision task force was assembled and tasked to review the literature, summarize the findings, and generate positions to answer 4 related questions provid…

OBJECTIVE: To make recommendations on the assessment and management of tics in people with Tourette syndrome and chronic tic disorders. METHODS: A multidisciplinary panel consisting of 9 physicians, 2 psychologists, and 2 patient representatives developed practice recommendations, integrating findings from a systemati…

Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) with hexaminolevulinate (HAL) during transurethral resection of bladder cancer improves detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and reduces recurrence rates. Flexible BLC was approved by the FDA in 2018 for use in the surveillance setting and was demonstrated to improve detec…

BACKGROUND: The prophylactic application of antimicrobials that are active against Staphylococcus aureus can prevent infections. However, implementation in clinical practice is limited. We have reviewed antimicrobial approaches for the prevention of S. aureus infections. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Regis…

BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has now become a common cause of chronic liver disease in children; however, unlike adults liver transplantation is rarely required as treatment. It is important that in children presenting with NAFLD, secondary causes of fatty liver particularly inherited metabolic…

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic validity of exercise interventions included in a previous umbrella systematic review of high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the management of fibromyalgia and to explore whether exercise interventions with high therapeutic validity and that meet t…

While there have been significant advances in the medical treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), life expectancy, and quality of life remain reduced in this disease. Strenuous exercise may be hazardous for PAH patients; however, several relatively small trials have confirmed that exercise training programs…

OBJECTIVES: To apply component network meta-analysis (CNMA) models to an existing Cochrane review of psychological preparation interventions for adults undergoing surgery and to extend the models to account for covariates to identify the most effective components for improving postoperative outcomes. STUDY DESIGN AND…

BACKGROUND: Overviews of systematic reviews are an increasingly popular method of evidence synthesis; there is a lack of clear guidance for completing overviews and a number of methodological challenges. At the UK Cochrane Symposium 2016, methodological challenges of five overviews were explored. Using data from these…

BACKGROUND: Progestogens have been evaluated in numerous trials and meta-analyses, many of which concluded they were effective. However, two large trials PROMISE and OPPTIMUM have recently concluded that progesterone was ineffective. This raises the possibility that earlier studies and reviews had been biased by either…

Despite improvements in the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), morbidity and mortality are still high, especially in patients with more severe disease. Early and appropriate antibiotics remain the cornerstone in the treatment of CAP. However, two aspects seem to contribute to a worse outcome: an uncontro…

In 2000, a French consensus conference proposed guidelines for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since then, new drugs have been concocted, new studies have been published and clinicians have become aware of some drug-induced adverse effects that were little known in the past. This has led us to reconsider the…

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) Project Committee on the Relevance and Follow-up of Positive Results in In Vitro Genetic Toxicity (IVGT) Testing established an Emerging Technologies and New Strategies Workgroup to review the current State of the Art in…

PURPOSE: Well done systematic reviews provide the highest quality evidence for clinical questions of therapeutic effectiveness. We assessed the methodological quality of systematic reviews in the urological literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically investigated all systematic reviews published in 4 major ur…

OBJECTIVES: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are integral to evidence-based clinical decision making. Although flawed systematic reviews could compromise optimal decision making, their accuracy has received limited investigation. We assessed conduct of systematic reviews of pharmaceutical interventions for irritabl…