42,479 papers found

BACKGROUND: The efficacies of artemisinin based combinations have been excellent in Africa, but also comprehensive evidence regarding their safety would be important. The aim of this review was to synthesize available evidence on the safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) compared to artemether-lumefantrine…

BACKGROUND: Hydrocephalus is a common, life threatening complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related central nervous system opportunistic infection which can be treated by insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). In HIV-infected patients there is concern that VPS might be associated with unaccepta…

OBJECTIVE: This review aims to identify and assess evidence on interventions to communicate risk and promote disease mitigation measures in epidemics and emerging disease outbreak settings. The study focuses on data that are relevant to low and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensi…

CONTEXT: Central venous access devices (CVADs) are essential in paediatric care but pose significant risks. Synthesising existing evidence is needed to guide safe, effective, and equitable practice amid evolving interventions and complex management needs. OBJECTIVE: To develop an evidence and gap map (EGM) to identify…

BACKGROUND: The clinical features of central nervous system (CNS) sporotrichosis are derived from case reports and a limited series of cases. Our objective was to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of CNS sporotrichosis. METHODS: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and LILACS on 9 September 2023.…

BACKGROUND: Despite the efficacy of adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) in suppressing central sleep apnea (CSA), its impact on long-term outcomes is debatable. We aim to identify subjects with specific features who might benefit from ASV therapy. METHODS: Randomized clinical trials and comparative observational studies…

OBJECTIVE: Radiation-induced sarcomas (RISs) of the central nervous system are an uncommon late risk of irradiation. We conducted a systematic review of individual patient data to characterize RISs. METHODS: We conducted a systemic search of the PubMed databases and compiled a comprehensive literature review. Student…

BACKGROUND: Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSC) can lead to irreversible visual impairment. Traditional treatment methods are limited by their efficacy and the risk of complications. Subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option. OBJECTIVE: This study systematicall…

INTRODUCTION: Neurosarcoidosis is a rare and severe manifestation of sarcoidosis, whose natural history still lacks a comprehensive and theoretical understanding. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a qualitative systematic review of the literature on the clinical-epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic assessment of pat…

BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PCNS-PTLD) is a rare but severe complication following solid organ transplantation (SOT). Currently, treatment regimens still lack clear guidelines. METHODS: A kidney transplant recipient with PCNS-PTLD was reported in this case s…

The association between central nervous (CNS) stimulants used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) has received little attention to date. Our aim was to map the existing literature on aetiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of peripheral vasculopathy, wi…

: The central vein sign (CVS) is a radiological feature proposed as a multiple sclerosis (MS) imaging biomarker able to accurately differentiate MS from other white matter diseases of the central nervous system. In this work, we evaluated the pooled proportion of the CVS in brain MS lesions and to estimate the diagnost…

PURPOSE: Spinal Cord Society (SCS) and Spine Trauma Study Group (STSG) established a panel tasked with reviewing management and prognosis of acute traumatic cervical central cord syndrome (ATCCS) and recommend a consensus statement for its management. METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA…

The high incidence of new cases of anxiety disorders highlights the need for scalable preventive interventions, which can be achieved through information and communication technologies. To our knowledge, no meta-analysis has been conducted to evaluate purely digital preventive interventions for anxiety in all types of…

STUDY DESIGN: The present study followed the reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to review the diagnostic value of artificial intelligence (AI) for various types of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and the level of stenosis, offering evidence-based support for…

OBJECTIVE: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. A key factor in its pathogenesis is the dysfunction of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor due to D-serine degradation by D-amino acid oxidase. Benzoate has been suggested to enhance NMDA receptor function, potentially benefiting ea…

BACKGROUND: Cell therapy using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) shows great potential as a treatment for cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review to describe the safety and efficacy of ADSCs in ischemic heart disease. METHODS: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Scienc…

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to compare the effectiveness of intrathecal dexmedetomidine vs fentanyl as additives to hyperbaric bupivacaine in providing postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing cesarean section. INTRODUCTION: Pain following cesarean section remains a challenge, with limited treatment opt…

PURPOSE: Toxicity is a significant problem among women receiving systemic chemotherapy for breast cancer, with up to 60% experiencing hematologic and 14% experiencing non-hematologic toxicity. Chemotherapy is dosed using body surface area, which does not account for heterogeneity in lean body mass (LBM) and adipose tis…

BACKGROUND: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, occurring in 6% to 65% of the paediatric recipients. Currently, the therapeutic mainstay for cGvHD is treatment with corticosteroids, frequently combined with other immunosup…