42,482 papers found

BACKGROUND: The receptor tyrosine kinase ROS1 is a driver gene in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with promising target treatment potential. The clinical features of NSCLC patients harboring ROS1 fusion gene were not fully understood due to small-to-modest sample sizes of these association studies. METHODS: We…

PURPOSE: Our objective was to review the history, safety, and efficacy of caffeine-containing dietary supplements in the United States and Canada. METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science databases (1980-2014) were searched for articles related to the pharmacology, toxicology, and efficacy of caffeine-containing dietary sup…

BACKGROUND: Safety of vaccines remains a cornerstone of building public trust on the use of these cost-effective and life-saving public health interventions. In some settings, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a high prevalence of HIV infection and a high burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. There is evidenc…

BACKGROUND: Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a major health concern, despite being largely avoidable. The emergency department (ED) is an essential component of the health care system and subject to workflow challenges, which may hinder ED personnel adherence to guideline-based infection prevention practice…

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the evidence on the effectiveness of vestibular rehabilitation in addition to a canalith repositioning maneuver in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Pub…

INTRODUCTION: Guanfacine extended release (GXR) is a selective α(2A)-adrenoreceptor agonist originally developed as an antihypertensive agent and now FDA approved for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as monotherapy and as adjunctive to psychostimulants in children and adolescents 6…

IMPORTANCE: Bilateral anterior nasal packing is used after septoplasty with the goals of decreasing the risk of postoperative bleeding and adhesions. However, multiple studies caution against the use of nasal packing because of the risk of cardiopulmonary complications. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cardiopulmonary risks…

BACKGROUND: Photo(chemo)therapy is a common treatment modality in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), but evidence on its effectiveness has not been recently systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of treatment with photo(chemo)therapy in patients with AD and to make treatment recommendations on…

OBJECTIVE: Meta-analysis of the efficiencies of imatinib mesylate (IM) with or without interferon for chronic myeloid leukemia-chronic phase (CML-CP) patients. METHODS: Published studies of IM with or without interferon for CML-CP patients as first-line therapy were collected from PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of…

BACKGROUND: Patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) usually present with dysphonia, but can also be breathless and have problems with their swallowing. Speech and language therapy forms the initial mainstay of management in cases of UVFP, since up to 60% of cases will resolve spontaneously. If vocal fold p…

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurobehavioral disorder afflicting adults worldwide. This article is an update on the evidence supporting medications for adult ADHD, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular implications. Relevant clinical literature was sought using PubMed searches, with…

Central Asia, the Urals, Siberia and Mongolia cover an immense section of Asia and although relatively sparsely populated the total inhabitants number well in excess of 100 million. Furthermore, there is an increasing tendency for urbanization of the populations, which in many cases are growing. The ethnic make-up is d…

BACKGROUND: Although the small intestine represents 75% of the length and over 90% of the mucosal surface of the alimentary tract, it is the site of only about 2% of malignant gastrointestinal tumours. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological subtype, accounting for about 40% of all malignant small intestinal tum…

CONTEXT: In some patients symptoms of hypothyroidism persist despite therapy with T(4). OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of T(4)-T(3) combination vs. T(4) monotherapy for the treatment of clinical hypothyroidism in adults. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, and the Cochrane Ce…

Why are most hospitals or buildings of a rectangular design only? Compared to the standard rectangular Nightingale nursing unit design, why has a circular/elliptical nursing unit or hospital design not been developed to date? This study reexamines the concept of circular hospital building design. It aims to understand…

OBJECTIVE: This study systematically evaluated and analysed existing evidence regarding the effectiveness of tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) in treating tinnitus at different follow-up periods and the factors that influence the choice of treatment. DATABASES REVIEWED: Medline, OpenAIRE, Cochrane Central Register of…

: Many probiotic strains have been studied in relation to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to identify probiotic strains demonstrating efficacy in the management of IBS based on meta-analyses of randomized placebo-controlled trials (RPCTs).: This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO…

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programmes have revolutionised perioperative care by integrating evidence-based, multimodal strategies aimed at minimising surgical stress, accelerating recovery, and reducing postoperative morbidity. This systematic review evaluates the impact of ERAS implementation on postoperat…

OBJECTIVE: To determine health care professionals' (HCPs) attitudes, behaviours, and barriers toward exercise promotion among patients. METHOD: Using systematic review methodology, we included published studies focusing on health care professionals' attitudes, behaviours, and barriers towards exercise promotion among…

Burn injuries remain a major global health challenge, with surgical interventions often requiring blood transfusions due to substantial intraoperative bleeding. Tranexamic acid (TXA), an antifibrinolytic agent, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing perioperative blood loss across various surgical specialties, but evide…