42,482 papers found

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reasons why patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adhere poorly to medications over the long term (≥ 1 year). DATA SOURCES: PubMed was reviewed for studies between 1997 and January 2015 citing the reasons for medication nonadherence using these main keywords…

The mainstay of pharmacological treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) is anticholinergic therapy using muscarinic receptor antagonists (tertiary or quaternary amines). Muscarinic receptors in the brain play an important role in cognitive function, and there is growing awareness that antimuscarinic OAB drugs may have ad…

BACKGROUND: Allergic rhinitis is a highly prevalent disease that results from an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction of the nasal mucosa to inhaled allergens. It is primarily treated by allergen avoidance and medical treatment, but when these measures fail to control symptoms then surgery to the inferior turbin…

BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients often develop brain metastases (BMs), with an incidence rate of 25-40%. These metastases are associated with a poor prognosis. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized NSCLC treatment, their effectiveness against BMs remains not well-establ…

BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system T-cell lymphoma (PCNSTL) is an exceptionally rare central nervous system lymphoma with limited clinical data. We present a large case review series of PCNSTL to summarise the clinical characteristics of this disease. METHODS: This study integrated 4 new cases of PCNSTL from o…

BACKGROUND: Cochlear implantation (CI) has emerged as a promising intervention for children with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). Several studies have investigated the efficacy of CIs in children with ANSD, demonstrating improvements in auditory performance and language skills following implantation. Wheth…

INTRODUCTION: Adrenergic neurotransmitter reuptake inhibitors are gaining attention in treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Due to their effects on norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin neurotransmission, they benefit both ADHD and comorbid disorders and have some other advantages including…

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a high-grade subtype of chondrosarcoma with the bimorphic histological appearance of a conventional chondrosarcoma component with abrupt transition to a high-grade, non-cartilaginous sarcoma. DDCS can be radiographically divided into central and peripheral types. Wide resection…

OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature regarding cochlear implantation in patients with retrocochlear pathologies and extract speech perception scores between 6 months and 1 year after surgery. DATABASES REVIEWED: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL via Ovid, CINAHL Complete via Ebsco, and Web of Science.…

BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system (CNS) sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms with unclear etiology. Available data on clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival are scarce. We comprehensively reviewed management strategies and outcomes of primary CNS sarcomas in adults.…

OBJECTIVE: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a specific type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with poor prognosis. The rare incidence of this disease and difficulty to obtain sufficient tissue material impede deep research into PCNSL. However, application of modern molecular techniques makes it possible to find…

Decades of alcohol research have established the health risks and pharmacodynamic profile of oral alcohol consumption. Despite isolated periods of public health concern, comparatively less research has evaluated exposure to alcohol vapor. Inhaled alcohol initially bypasses first-pass metabolism and rapidly reaches the…

BACKGROUND: To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of honey dressing compared to conventional dressings in the treatment of DFUs. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Go…

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a hereditary syndrome characterized by predisposition to tumors of parathyroid, pituitary, and enteropancreatic cells. Multiple studies previously showed increased prevalence of insulin resistance and incidence of cardiovascular diseases, decreased lif…

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an intervention aimed at preventing the development and spread of HIV. The persistence of proviruses in the CD4 + memory T cells, which are transcriptionally inactive and other drug-resistant reservoirs, makes treatment of chronic HIV-1 infection through pharmacological mea…

Subfascial placement has been reported to reduce capsular contracture (CC) in primary breast augmentation. Given the shift toward smooth implants, it is unclear whether the perceived advantage reflects the surgical plane or historical implant selection. This study compares CC rates between subfascial and subglandular b…

BACKGROUND: We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of effectiveness of silver-based dressings for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). METHODS: In the study, we searched electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRA…

BACKGROUND: Adolescents are in a critical stage of development and represent a high-risk population for depression. Various studies have demonstrated the efficacy of acupuncture therapies in the treatment of adolescent depression. However, trials directly comparing the efficacy and safety of different acupuncture thera…

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nasal conformers in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) following primary cheiloplasty. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL), and EBSCO Open Dissertation f…

We evaluated the effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) and the reduction of glaucoma medications in patients with glaucoma. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024533437). We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and We…