5,042,454 papers found

OBJECTIVE: To define the importance of the scientific article as a source of original information. METHODS: To describe the fundamental contents of the scientific article and its three different formats: original scientific article, review article and case reports. CONCLUSIONS: The contents and structure of the diffe…

Health inequities are unnecessary, avoidable and unjust differences in health across social groups. Addressing them is a priority for governments and health systems worldwide, requiring not only specific interventions targeting inequity but also embedding equity across all decision-making. Systematic reviews of interve…

A systematic review of the results of randomized, controlled trials employs explicit, systematic methods to produce unbiased and precise estimates of the effect of a treatment on outcomes of clinical importance. The results of such systematic reviews are of importance in that they inform providers and consumers about t…

The Health Belief Model provides a framework to understand motivators for volunteering for medical research. Motivators can take the form of social and personal benefits. In this systematic review of review articles, we contrast motivators of participation in actual cancer trials to those in actual HIV vaccine trials.…

BACKGROUND: Healthcare delivery is largely accomplished in and through conversations between people, and healthcare quality and effectiveness depend enormously upon the communication practices employed within these conversations. An important body of evidence about these practices has been generated by conversation ana…

This article sets out recommendations for conducting a review of different categories of literature, known as 'mixed literature'.

Important issues in medical research are often examined in a number of studies, sometimes using different study designs. Data from such studies are often reviewed to provide a consensus in support or arguing against a particular hypothesis, such as the use of a new therapy/treatment or public health policy. However, it…

BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews (SRs) play a critical role in evidence-based medicine. OBJECTIVE: To determine the publication trends of SRs in clinical laboratory science (CLS). METHODS: We searched Scopus to identify all reviews published in the top 20 CLS journals during the past 10 years (2008-2017). We determined…

Systematic reviews are analytic instruments that summarize the best available scientific evidence in order to provide evidence-based answers to clinically relevant questions. Meta-analyses are systematic reviews with a quantitative analysis of results. The process of conducting a systematic review is a rigorous and sta…

OBJECTIVES: This review provides methodological guidance, including essential preparatory steps, for conducting systematic literature reviews (SLRs) to produce practical and evidence-based findings that influence the pillars of radiography practice. It also highlights the differences between a scoping review (ScR) and…

Evidence on the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and cancer risk is inconsistent, and systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) are fragmented across different cancer types and study populations. A comprehensive synthesis is needed to evaluate the robustness of the evidence. We therefor…

Developing and conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses is a complex process that requires many judgments and the input from a wide variety of stakeholders. This article presents an introduction on how to develop, conduct, and report these research studies. Veterinary clinicians should seek systematic reviews to…

BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews (SRs) support guideline development by means of synthesizing available evidence for each aspect that must be considered when formulating recommendations. The authors consolidated standard methodology to ensure rigor, transparency, and reproducibility throughout the review process. TYPE O…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group aims to produce, update, and disseminate systematic reviews on the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of problematic drug and alcohol use. This paper describes what the Group has done since the 1990s to produce evidence to guide policy, practice, and…

High-quality, up-to-date, systematic reviews comprehensively summarize the evidence from clinical studies for a focused clinical question. A meta-analyses is a quantitative summary of results from individual studies and often part of a systematic review. Important features of a systematic review are a focused research…

The Cochrane Collaboration is an international not-for-profit and independent organization, dedicated to making up-to-date, accurate information about the effects of healthcare readily available worldwide. It produces and disseminates systematic reviews of healthcare interventions and promotes the search for evidence i…