37,546,069 papers found

The current study's aim was to investigate how Latino toddlers' bilingual language development relates to their caregivers' bilingual language use (i.e., input) and cultural orientation (to the US and their heritage country). Video recordings of caregiver-child interactions, collected when toddlers were approximately 1…

Flipped learning models are considered as important elements of English as a foreign language (EFL) writing courses in order to advance the EFL learners' writing skills. Significantly, studies examining the efficacy of in-class and out-of-class writing models in flipped classroom settings when teaching online EFL writi…

Readability is an active field of research in the late nineteenth century and vigorously persuaded to date. The recent boom in data-driven machine learning has created a viable path forward for readability classification and ranking. The evaluation of text readability is a time-honoured issue with even more relevance i…

Sarcastic speech is ubiquitous in most languages, though understanding sarcasm is highly dependent upon cultural and social contextual factors (Campbell & Katz, Discourse Processes, 2012, 49, 459). It is therefore surprising that little research has examined the ability of nonnative speakers to understand the sarcastic…

Within New Zealand (NZ), Pacific people experience higher prevalence of mental disorder than non-Pacific people. Bilinguals are believed to have psychological advantages over monolinguals, although the empirical evidence base is equivocal. A prospective cohort of Pacific mothers was studied at 6 weeks (n = 1272), 1-yea…

BACKGROUND: Although numerous studies have examined regional and racial-ethnic labeling of talker identity, few have evaluated speech perception skills of listeners from the southern United States. PURPOSE: The objective of the study was to examine the effect of competition, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), race, and sex…

The Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) has been central in psychopathological studies of memory dysfunctions, as reduced memory specificity or overgeneralised autobiographical memory has been recognised as a hallmark vulnerability for depression. In the AMT, participants are asked to generate specific memories in respo…

This study examines the discrimination of Mandarin vowels and tones by native English speakers with varying amounts of Mandarin experience, aiming to investigate the relative difficulty of these two types of sounds for English speakers at different learning stages, and the source of their difficulty. Seventeen advanced…

CONTEXT: Posterior shoulder tightness (PST) and glenohumeral internal-rotation deficit (GIRD) can contribute to shoulder pain suffered by athletes engaged in overhead sporting activities. Stretching is a common intervention to resolve PST and GIRD, but it has weak evidence of effectiveness to date. OBJECTIVE: This sys…

Observers are faster to detect a target among a set of distracters if the targets and distracters come from different color categories. This cross-boundary advantage seems to be limited to the right visual field, which is consistent with the dominance of the left hemisphere for language processing [Gilbert et al., Proc…

OBJECTIVES: We examined the association of racial discrimination and limited English proficiency with health-related quality of life among Asian Americans in California. METHODS: We studied Chinese (n = 2576), Filipino (n = 1426), Japanese (n = 833), Korean (n = 1128), South Asian (n = 822), and Vietnamese (n = 938) r…

Previous studies have shown improved sensitivity to native-language contrasts and reduced sensitivity to non-native phonetic contrasts when comparing 6-8 and 10-12-month-old infants. This developmental pattern is interpreted as reflecting the onset of language-specific processing around the first birthday. However, gen…

Population substructure of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca: Cephalopoda), as investigated by genetic variation of microsatellite loci, has been reported to be significantly extensive around the Iberian Peninsula with F(ST)=0.061 [Pérez-Losada, M., Guerra, A., Carvalho, G.R., Sanjuan, A., Shaw, P.W., 200…

A subjective test was developed suitable for evaluating the effect of mobile communications devices on sentence intelligibility in background noise. Originally a total of 25 lists, each list including 16 sentences, were developed in British English and Finnish to serve as the test stimuli representative of adult langua…

BACKGROUND: Patients in inner-city areas come from increasingly diverse language and cultural backgrounds. Neither communications training modelled on local English speakers nor the provision of interpreters offer adequate solutions. AIM: To identify how patients with limited English and culturally different communica…

PURPOSE: To study the status of contribution by non-English speaking countries to international rehabilitation literature taking Japan as an example, and to suggest recommendations to overcome the language barrier. METHOD: Descriptive study using a systematic MEDLINE search with outcome measures of annual numbers and…

The objective of the study was to explore differences in regional fMRI activation topography and lateralization between semantic and phonological tasks performed in English and Spanish in bilingual individuals. Eight bilingual (primary Spanish and secondary English-speaking) individuals performed fMRI noun-verb associa…

Different writing systems in the world select different units of spoken language for mapping. Do these writing system differences influence how first language (L1) literacy experiences affect cognitive processes in learning to read a second language (L2)? Two groups of college students who were learning to read English…

OBJECTIVES: The authors examine the reliability and validity of English and Spanish versions of a patient satisfaction measure, the Interpersonal Aspects of Care (IAC) Examiner Scale. METHODS: The examiner scale was administered to 234 Spanish-speaking and 250 English-speaking patients seen in the emergency department…

To examine how functional, medical and psychosocial factors influence the differences in use of community and residential services by Australian-born and ethnic aged persons, all persons (n = 31,737) assessed by aged care assessment teams in Queensland in 1992 and 1993 were surveyed. Subjects were classified as Austral…