5,087,135 papers found

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In comparison to conventional medical imaging diagnostic modalities, the aim of this overview article is to analyze the accuracy of the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in the identification and diagnosis of malignant tumors in adult patients. DATA SOURCES: The acronym PIR…

Conventional systematic reviews offer few insights into for whom and how interventions work. 'Realist reviews' examine such questions via examining 'context-mechanism-outcome configurations' (CMOCs) but are insufficiently rigorous in how evidence is identified, assessed and synthesised. We developed 'realist systematic…

The degree of overdiagnosis in common cancer screening trials is uncertain due to inadequate design of trials, varying definition and methods used to estimate overdiagnosis. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the risk of overdiagnosis for the most widely implemented cancer screening programmes and assess the implications…

Ovarian immature teratoma is a rare subtype of germ cell tumour that can be pure or associated with non-teratomatous germ cell tumour elements and is graded based on extent of the immature neuroectodermal component. Immature teratoma (IT) can also be associated with somatic differentiation in the form of sarcoma, carci…

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence is especially common in older age. Non-pharmacological therapies are particularly desirable in this group. OBJECTIVE: To define optimal evidence-based non-pharmacological, non-surgical therapies for urinary incontinence in older persons. METHODS: A Delphi process determined critical o…

This is a narrative review of telemonitoring (remote monitoring) projects and studies within the field of diabetes, with a focus on results of the more recent studies. Since the beginning of the 1990s, several telemedicine projects and studies focused on type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Over the last 5 years, numerous telem…

BACKGROUND: Patient perception with fixed appliance orthodontic treatment is important to improve oral health-related quality of life. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of labial fixed appliance orthodontic care on patient perception before, during, and after the treatment. SEARCH…

Although numerous bibliometric studies have examined various aspects of cancer research, the landscape of scientific studies focusing on natural products in cancer research has not been characterized. Using the Web of Science Core Collection online database, we identify and analyze scientific articles on natural produc…

OBJECTIVE: To define the safety and efficacy of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) in RA patients with comorbidities. METHODS: A National Consensus Conference adopted a five-step process to better address the place of TNFi in the treatment of RA. Here we report the work focused on the influence of comorbidities on TNFi efficacy an…

OBJECTIVE: To define a standard set of outcomes and the most appropriate instruments to measure them for managing newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: A literature review and five discussion groups facilitated the design of two-round Delphi questionnaire. Delphi panellists (haematologists, hos…

The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a challenge to global tuberculosis (TB) control. Although culture-based methods have been regarded as the gold standard for drug susceptibility testing (DST), molecular methods provide rapid information on mutations in the M. tuberculosis genome a…

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the publication and quality of reporting of abstracts of systematic reviews presented at scientific medical conferences. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We included all abstracts of systematic reviews published in the proceedings of nine leading international conferences in 2010. For each conference…

IMPORTANCE: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among US women. Mammography screening may be associated with reduced breast cancer mortality but can also cause harm. Guidelines recommend individualizing screening decisions, particularly for younger women. OBJECTIVES: We reviewed the evidence on…

BACKGROUND: We aimed to systematically overview published systematic reviews and meta-analyses in order to identify whether and when acupuncture is an effective treatment for stroke and stroke-related disorders. We also hoped to identify the best directions for future research in this area. METHODS: Systematic reviews…

Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are common neoplasms composed of proliferating endothelial-like cells. Despite the relative frequency of IH and the potential severity of complications, there are currently no uniform guidelines for treatment. Although propranolol has rapidly been adopted, there is significant uncertainty an…

BACKGROUND: The impact of treatment with vasodilators on the survival of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains uncertain. Despite several clinical trials have been carried out in the last 15 years, their primary objective was not to assess mortality but the changes on surrogate end points. METHOD…

High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are vascular tumors that represent attractive targets for antiangiogenic therapies. In this Review, we present the rationale and clinical trial evidence for targeting angiogenesis in HGGs, focusing predominantly on agents that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors.…

Evidence-based medicine, systematic reviews, and guidelines are part of modern interventional pain management. As in other specialties in the United States, evidence-based medicine appears to motivate the search for answers to numerous questions related to costs and quality of health care as well as access to care. Sci…

OBJECTIVES: Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of such trials are the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of interventions. There have been concerns about the anecdotal evidence underpinning many of the interventions used and introduced into surgical care. The American College of Surgeons has…

BACKGROUND: Obesity poses a considerable and growing health burden. This review examines evidence for screening and treating obesity in adults. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and Cochrane Library (January 1994 through February 2003). STUDY SELECTION: Systematic reviews; randomized, controlled trials; and observational studies…