391,892 papers found

OBJECTIVES: Individual epidemiological investigations into the association between chlorination by-products in drinking water and cancer have been suggestive but inconclusive. Enough studies exist to provide the basis for a meaningful meta-analysis. METHODS: An extensive literature search was performed to identify per…

PURPOSE: A meta-analysis was performed on nine randomized clinical trials that compared fluorouracil (5-FU) with 5-FU plus intravenous (IV) leucovorin (LV) for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. DESIGN: The analysis was based on the most recently updated individual patient data from all trials. The end point…

With the use of data published during the period from 1966 through 1988, a pooled analysis (meta-analysis) of 5-year mortality rates among patients who had an eye enucleated for choroidal melanoma was performed to provide a more robust estimate of this rate than could be obtained from any single study. The literature c…

Lactitol (beta-galactosido-sorbitol) has been recently compared with lactulose for the treatment of chronic hepatic encephalopathy in a few studies, each comprising a small number of patients. The results are controversial. We studied the efficiency and tolerance of both compounds by using a meta-analysis on the basis…

The appearance of the breast parenchyma as seen on mammography is known to vary between individuals. The evidence is reviewed that some of the sources of this variation, namely, the densities referred to as "dysplasia", are related to breast cancer risk. We have carried out a meta-analysis of the published literature t…

Bleeding from oesophageal or gastric varices is a major complication of portal hypertension, and a leading cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. The efficacy of oral beta-blockers in preventing recurrence of gastrointestinal haemorrhage in these patients is debatable. A recent meta-analysis showed benefits i…

This study was intended to answer two questions: 1) whether the prognosis of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and myocardial inflammatory changes, and 2) whether immunosuppressive agents may modify survival. The meta-analysis technique was employed as a tool in order to homogenize the results of several reports tha…

This paper reports a follow-up of previous meta-analysis research conducted by the author on the effects of diabetes patient education on patient outcomes. An expanded sample of studies and psychological outcome variables were added to the previously studied variables of patient knowledge, self-care behaviors (complian…

Despite numerous controlled clinical trials, the indications for parenteral nutritional support of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy remain controversial. The results of the published trials have therefore been subjected to meta-analysis. The pooled data show that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has a detrimenta…

Sporadic adrenocortical tumours are common, but their pathogenesis is poorly elucidated. In this study, we present a meta-analysis and review of gene expression microarray and comparative genome hybridization (CGH) studies performed to date on these tumours, including our own data. Data of whole genome microarray studi…

Cognitive dysfunction is a core feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a major determinant of functional outcomes. This study aimed to: (a) systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the cognitive effects of third-generation antipsychotics (TGAs: brexpiprazole, cariprazine, lumatepero…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As biologic therapy is increasingly being utilized in the treatment of paediatric psoriasis, we aim to perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of available biologic treatments for moderate to severe paediatric plaque psoriasis. METHODS: Releva…

BACKGROUND: HIV transmission and disease progression may be driven by associations HIV risk behaviors have with a constellation of alcohol, other substance, and mood-related conditions (CASM). However, observational study-based measures of these associations are often prone to unmeasured confounding. While meta-analysi…

BACKGROUND: There is currently no recommendation regarding preferred drugs for active eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) because their relative efficacy is unclear. We conducted an up-to-date network meta-analysis to compare proton pump inhibitors, off-label and EoE-specific topical steroids, and biologics in EoE. METHOD…

Cash and Deagle (1997) examined the associations between body image disturbance (BID) and the eating disorders (EDs) of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) in a meta-analytic review. They found almost twice as many studies employing perceptual measures of body size evaluation compared to cognitive-evaluative…

Relevant to forensic practice, the Supreme Court in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1993) established the boundaries for the admissibility of scientific evidence that take into account its trustworthiness as assessed via evidentiary reliability. In conducting forensic evaluations, psychologists and other…

The main aim of the treatment of hypertension is to reduce the incidence and severity of its complications. Despite some bias affecting the major clinical trials of diuretics and/or beta blockers, the results of the meta-analysis taking them into account demonstrate the effectiveness of the prevention of cerebrovascula…

The identification of effective treatments for uremic pruritus used a literature search of MEDLINE (1966 to March 1991), Index Medicus (1978 to March 1991), bibliographic reviews of textbooks, and pertinent articles. Only randomized controlled clinical trials were selected for analysis. Assessment of study quality was…

In this article we demonstrate that the difference in sleep between depressives and healthy controls varies systematically as a function of the mean age of the sample studied. The data were taken from 27 studies that had compared the sleep of drug-free depressed patients and age-matched healthy controls. In all, the st…

This review focuses on the results of well-designed studies that have been completed on populations of nuclear workers in the U.S. and the U.K. An attempt is made to introduce a quantitative component to this review, an approach previously described as metaanalysis. Such a method requires designation of eligibility cri…