42,208 papers found

Central venous access devices (CVADs) are widely used in oncology patients to facilitate administration of chemotherapy and supportive treatments. However, catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) remains one of the most important complications associated with their use. Although overall CRT incidence has been extensively stu…

The purpose of this narrative review was to highlight the research on the influence of weather conditions on patients with osteoarthritis, the pathophysiological mechanisms and the therapeutic consequences. A search was conducted using the Pubmed, Medline and Web of Science databases. Barometric pressure, temperature a…

The purpose of this narrative review was to highlight the research on the influence of weather conditions on patients with osteoarthritis, the pathophysiological mechanisms and the therapeutic consequences. A search was conducted using the Pubmed, Medline and Web of Science databases. Barometric pressure, temperature a…

INTRODUCTION: The central venous pressure (CVP) is the most commonly used static marker of preload for guiding fluid therapy in critically ill patients, though its usefulness remains controversial. Centrally inserted central catheters (CICCs) are the gold-standard devices for CVP monitoring but peripherally inserted ce…

BACKGROUND: Public health systems internationally are under pressure to meet increasing demand for healthcare in the context of increasing financial resource constraint. There is therefore a need to maximise health outcomes achieved with public healthcare expenditure. This paper aims to establish and synthesize the con…

Methylphenidate is a centrally acting sympathomimetic used for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents and for narcolepsy in adults. Despite the growing use among adult women, no reliable data on the prevalence of use during pregnancy have been published, and safety during…

BACKGROUND: Infants in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) often receive medications or nutritional support for extended periods. Due to the fragility of veins, central lines are often used. Adverse outcomes from central lines such as infections and line dislodgements, where the line terminates in a peripheral vesse…

BACKGROUND: The concept of chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPC) is relatively unknown in German pain medicine. AIMS: Definition, prevalence, shared etiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of COPC. Summary of recommendations of the interdisciplinary S2k guidelines on diagnostics and treatment of endometrios…

OBJECTIVES: The paradoxical development of chronic abdominal pain is an underrecognized side effect of opioid use. Narcotic bowel syndrome (NBS), occurring in a small proportion of chronic opioid users, consists of chronic or intermittent abdominal pain, which often increases in severity despite continued or escalating…

BACKGROUND: Up to 70% of patients with spinal cord injuries develop spasticity. The main aim of the paper is to provide an overview of spasticity management, primarily in patients with spinal cord injuries. METHOD: The article is based on literature searches in PubMed using the keyphrases «spasticity» and &#…

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound (US) guided infraclavicular axillary vein (AXV) central venous catheterization is an emerging method for accessing central veins in critically ill patients. The efficacy and safety of the AXV catheterization remain unknown as compared to more commonly utilized central venous access sites. MATERIA…

BACKGROUND: People with cancer undergoing active treatment experience numerous disease- and treatment-related adverse outcomes and poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Exercise interventions are hypothesized to alleviate these adverse outcomes. HRQoL and its domains are important measures of cancer survivorsh…

PURPOSE: The aim of this clinical review was to summarise the existing knowledge on the adverse effects of alpha-blockers and centrally acting antihypertensives, the effect these may have on falls risk, and guide deprescribing of these medications. METHODS: Literature searches were conducted using PubMed and Embase. A…

OBJECTIVE: To review the complex role of the opioid system in reproduction and carbohydrate metabolism, abnormalities in the opioid system in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and the role of opioid antagonists in the management of PCOS-related infertility. DESIGN: Pertinent articles were identified through…

OBJECTIVES: A review of the literature was conducted to assess the association between oxytocin (OT) and pain. METHODS: PsychInfo, PubMed, and Medline (EBSCO) research databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles written between 1950 and 2012. Of a total of 1166 articles returned, 50 (9 human, 33 animal, and 8 s…

CONTEXT: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that increase the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and vascular disease. The common characteristics of MetS and hypercortisolemic conditions such as Cushing's syndrome (CS) suggest that the pathogenesis of MetS and central obesity might inv…

BACKGROUND: The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in a transition from centrally planned socialist systems to largely free-market systems for post-Soviet states. The health systems of Central Asian Post-Soviet (CAPS) countries (Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) have undergone a…

PURPOSE: To analyze the patterns of failure, the toxicity profile, and the factors influencing efficacy of stereotactic body radiation (SBRT) for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A search was based on PubMed electronic databases. All searches were conducted in May, 2009. RESULTS:…

Pulmonary metastases occur in approximately 20-40% of patients with solid malignancies, with colorectal cancer representing the most frequent primary source. Surgical resection remains a potentially curative strategy for selected patients, and wedge metastasectomy has long been considered the standard of care. However,…

: Obesity is compounded by a neurobiology that is resistant to weight loss. Therefore, the development of pharmacotherapies to address the pathology underlying the dysregulation of energy homeostasis is critical.: This review examines selected clinical trial evidence for the pharmacologic treatment of obesity and provi…