11,615,253 papers found

PURPOSE: In 2 experiments, we examined the influence of prior knowledge and interest on 4th- and 5th-grade students' passage comprehension scores on the Qualitative Reading Inventory-4 (QRI-4) and 2 experimenter-constructed passages. METHOD: In Experiment 1, 4th- and 5th-grade students were administered 4 Level 4 pass…

Energy intake and appetite feelings after the consumption of two different types of breakfast, a high-fiber, traditional, Mediterranean-type breakfast and a low-fiber, Western-type breakfast were compared. Sixteen non-obese young men received the two treatments on separate days: the Mediterranean- and the Western-type…

This research used the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction (IMBP) to examine cognitive predictors of intentions to engage in healthy sleep behavior among a population of college students. In doing so, we identify promising message strategies to increase healthy sleep behavior during college. In Phase 1, members…

The expression of early delusion and hallucination-like symptoms, known as positive schizotypy (PS), holds predictive power for later development of psychotic disorders. However, little is known about the psychological and emotional processes promoting the expression of PS during adolescent development. Our study's obj…

A self-reported alcohol inventory measured prevalence and frequency of lifetime, recent, and current alcohol use by an opportunity sample of 3226 young people aged 11-18 in Welsh secondary schools in 2005 comparing findings to extant U.K. and European levels. A risk factor-based questionnaire enabled comprehensive, sen…

PROBLEM STATEMENT: Residency programs have changed to comply with resident duty hour regulations. This study's purpose was to determine if there are differences in medicine clerkship students' activities, associations, and perceptions of educational value before and after duty hour reform. METHOD: Medicine clerkship s…

OBJECTIVE: This study's objective was to introduce research concepts and skills in family medicine residency through a problem-based course. METHODS: Eight third-year residents per year in 3 academic years participated. Groups of two-three were presented with the task of developing, executing, and reporting on a small…

Authors aimed to evaluate the yield and effectiveness of recruiting community schizophrenia spectrum personality (SSP) subjects via targeted newspaper advertisements listing SSP traits. Eight newspaper advertisements listing SSP traits were placed in regional newspapers over a 3-year period. Respondents (n = 209) were…

This study's purpose was to develop a clinical instrument designed to evaluate user satisfaction with assistive technology devices. This paper describes the methodology used to develop the instrument entitled the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology (QUEST). Based on the theoretical and prac…

Functional instability is a common complication following an acute ankle sprain. Three potential contributing factors underlying the ankle which chronically gives way are proprioceptive deficits, muscle weakness, and ligamentous laxity. This study's purpose was to document the presence or absence of these concerns in a…

This study's objective was to assess the prevalence of dental caries in five-year-olds and twelve-year-olds in Jerusalem, Israel. A total of 166 children comprised the younger group; and 147 children represented the twelve- to thirteen-year-olds. Examinations took place in the classrooms under natural lighting, using a…

Twenty male schizophrenic patients were given a test dose of chlorpromazine and their subjective response, graded on a syntonic-dysphoric continuum, was recorded at 4, 24, and 48 hours following the test dose. All patients were subsequently treated with an optimal dose of chlorpromazine or thioridazine plus either soci…

The present study's aim was to compare the levels of lead exposure between 3-year-old children and their mothers in a pottery-producing area, and to assess the levels of lead exposure for 3-year-old children of the parents engaged in pottery-manufacturing work. For these purposes urinary lead, coproporphyrin, and delta…

BACKGROUNDS: Marginal discoloration, microleakage, wear, and marginal fractures are all prevalent problems with composite veneers, and this scenario leads the esthetic outcome to deteriorate with time, resulting in patient discontent.. The study's goal was to determine the marginal sealing ability of composite laminate…

While some diseases and human behaviors fluctuate consistently with season, the extent of seasonal variations in sleep, especially at high latitudes, is less consistent. We used data from a geographic region (69º North) with extremely large seasonal differences in daylight that had the participants blinded for the…

Current teaching approaches in human and veterinary medicine across North America, Europe, and Australia include lectures, group discussions, feedback, role-play, and web-based training. Increasing class sizes, changing learning preferences, and economic and logistical challenges are influencing the design and delivery…

OBJECTIVE: to assess the evidence from multidisciplinary simulation team training in obstetrics that integrates human's factors components on patient outcome. INTRODUCTION: It has been stated that simulation-based education has the potential to improve technical and nontechnical skills. Reports from enquiries into mat…

Implementing motivated behaviors on the basis of prior reward is central to adaptive human functioning, but aberrant reward-motivated behavior is a core feature of neuropsychiatric illness. Children from disadvantaged neighborhoods have decreased access to rewards, which may shape motivational neurocircuits and risk fo…

Communication should have no barriers, but in an intensive therapy unit (ITU) a human's ability to communicate effectively is often severely disrupted due to disease and treatment. This is further highlighted in patients who do not speak the native language of the place where they are nursed. Problems of this nature ha…

The lack of consistency and reproducibility in preclinical research remains a major ongoing challenge, often caused by poorly designed studies, inadequate attention to statistical power, and limited transparency in reporting. This review addresses this important issue by focusing on the theoretical framework that suppo…