5,087,248 papers found

OBJECTIVE: To synthesise evidence from exclusively primary prevention data on the effectiveness of statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including stroke, and outcomes stratified by baseline risk and gender. DESIGN: Overview of systematic reviews (SRs) using Revised-AMSTAR approach to assess quality.…

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a major cause of chronic, neurological disability, with a significant long-term disability burden, often requiring comprehensive rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES: To systematically evaluate evidence from published Cochrane Reviews of clinical trials to summarise the evidence regarding…

The aim of this work is to produce recommendations on the management of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) in primary myelofibrosis (PMF). A comprehensive systematic review of articles released from 1999 to 2015 (January) was used as a source of scientific evidence. Recommendations were produced using a De…

OBJECTIVE: The rarity of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) is a major factor limiting randomized controlled trials in LVV, resulting in treatment choices in these diseases that are guided mainly by observational studies and expert opinion. Further complicating trials in LVV is the absence of validated and meaningful outcom…

BACKGROUND: Antibiotics provide only modest benefit in treating sore throat, although their effectiveness increases in people with positive throat swabs for group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GABHS). It is unclear which antibiotic is the best choice if antibiotics are indicated. This is an update of a review first p…

OBJECTIVE: Investigate prevention interventions and potential modifiable risk factors (MRFs) for female/woman/girl athletes' spine, chest, abdominal or pelvic injury and/or pain. DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analyses, semiquantitative analyses and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluatio…

Citrus fruit waste (CW) is a useful biomass and its valorization into fuels and biochemicals has received much attention. For economic feasibility, increased efficiency of the preceding extraction and enzyme saccharification processes is necessary. However, at present, there is a lack of systematic reviews addressing t…

Enhanced recovery programs aim to reduce surgical stress to improve the patient perioperative experience. Through a combination of multimodal analgesia and maintaining a physiological state, postoperative recovery is improved. Many analgesic adjuncts are available that improve postoperative pain control and limit opioi…

The diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer is extremely complex. As a result, multiple medical providers are involved in a patient's care, and the multidisciplinary tumor boards provide a forum whereby they can share and discuss the intricacies of each individual patient's case. When recommendations are presen…

Organizational volunteering has been touted as an effective strategy for older adults to help themselves while helping others. Extending previous reviews, we carried out a meta-analysis of the relation between organizational volunteering by late-middle-aged and older adults (minimum age = 55 years old) and risk of mort…

The author reviews the main articles and statements of the newly adopted Maastricht Consensus-4 (2011) on diagnostics and treatment of gastroduodenal diseases associated with H. pylori infection. Each statement is commented taking account of the author's experience and results of Russian and foreign researchers obtaine…

Since 1986, published from the P. Pignoli's group in Italy, the measurement by B-Mode Ultrasound of the carotid Intima Media Thickness is considered a very important tool for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in epidemiological trials but also for pharmacological studies. After more than 20 years the improvement of…

In 2003, The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry published a consensus monograph on thyroid tests (available via Internet from 2002). The document, a result of international collaboration, describes the pathophysiological background and clinical application of the measurements as well as principles for their tech…

Results from many randomized trials of adjuvant breast cancer therapy have been presented in several overviews and at subsequent meetings. This manuscript reviews the current status of both chemo- and endocrine therapy and the prospects for combination therapy, as summarized at the NIH and St Gallen Consensus meetings.…

The first episode of nephrolithiasis provides an opportunity to advise patients about measures for preventing future stones. Low fluid intake and excessive intake of protein, salt and oxalate are important modifiable risk factors for kidney stones. Calcium restriction is not useful and may potentiate osteoporosis. Dise…

PURPOSE: This overview of systematic reviews aimed to compare continuous positive airway pressure and mandibular advancement devices for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea by distinguishing objective physiological outcomes from patient-centered outcomes and critically appraising the methodological quality of the…

OBJECTIVES: Despite the significant potential for Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) to improve care processes and health outcomes, several barriers hinder their widespread implementation in healthcare. While numerous systematic reviews have summarized potential barriers and facilitators for CDSS implementation,…

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare, usually drug-induced, acute pustular rash. Despite the lack of strong data supporting the effectiveness of topical or systemic corticosteroids in this drug reaction, they are widely used. More generally, there is no consensus on the diagnostic modalities and…

Sudden unexpected clinical deterioration or cardiorespiratory instability is common in neonates and is often referred as a "crashing" neonate. The established resuscitation guidelines provide an excellent framework to stabilize and evaluate these infants, but it is primarily based upon clinical assessment only. However…

BACKGROUND: In chronic LBP (CLBP), guideline-endorsed treatment is to stay active, return to normal activity, and to exercise. Several reviews on various exercise types used in CLBP have been published. We aimed to identify systematic reviews of common exercise types used in CLBP, to appraise their quality, and to summ…