44,621 papers found

: Obesity is compounded by a neurobiology that is resistant to weight loss. Therefore, the development of pharmacotherapies to address the pathology underlying the dysregulation of energy homeostasis is critical.: This review examines selected clinical trial evidence for the pharmacologic treatment of obesity and provi…

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) relieves pain and restores function for most patients with end-stage knee disease; yet, a clinically important minority are left with persistent pain, stiffness or both despite well-fixed, well-aligned implants. These "hidden failures" are poorly captured by implant survivorship but drive…

OBJECTIVES: The cholinergic-adrenergic hypothesis of mania and depression states that depression is characterized by an increase in central cholinergic activity relative to noradrenergic tone. Scopolamine is a centrally acting competitive inhibitor of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor site. This review seeks to find…

IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: The identification of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (i.e., CYP) and transporters (i.e., ABC transporters) (XMET) in the human brain, including the BBB, raises the question whether these transporters and enzymes have specific functions in brain physiology, neuropharmacology and toxicology. AR…

BACKGROUND: People with cancer undergoing active treatment experience numerous disease- and treatment-related adverse outcomes and poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Exercise interventions are hypothesized to alleviate these adverse outcomes. HRQoL and its domains are important measures of cancer survivorsh…

Objective : The study aims to review the current status of nephron sparing surgery - open partial nephrectomy (OPN) for renal cell carcinoma in the minimal invasive era. The literature search was done using National Library of Medicine database (PubMed). Results : Early experience with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has become the standard treatment for medically inoperable peripherally and centrally located stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, ultra-central (UC) lung tumors pose unique challenges due to their proximity to vital structures, resulti…

OBJECTIVES: To perform a 'trustworthy' systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis on the potential mechanisms of manual therapy used to treat spinal impairments. DESIGN: SR with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: Articles published between January 2010 and October 2022 from CENTRAL, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, ProQuest, a…

PURPOSE: This review evaluated the survival rate of single retainer anterior resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) to determine whether the choice of material affects their clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search of the English peer-reviewed dental literature in PubMed was conducted to id…

Pulmonary metastases occur in approximately 20-40% of patients with solid malignancies, with colorectal cancer representing the most frequent primary source. Surgical resection remains a potentially curative strategy for selected patients, and wedge metastasectomy has long been considered the standard of care. However,…

OBJECTIVE: Obesity and female infertility are two rising public health issues. The relationship between them has been partially explored; however, systematic reviews summarizing the impact of obesity on female infertility are limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the relationships between obesity and inferti…

PURPOSE: The aim of the present retrospective study was to investigate the morbidity of screws used for intermaxillary fixation (IMF) in the treatment of mandibular fractures. A review of the published data was also performed for a comparison of outcomes. Our hypothesis was that the use of screws for IMF of mandibular…

To review the underlying pathophysiology and currently available treatments for pruritis associated with jaundice. English language literature was reviewed using MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE and clinicaltrials.gov for papers and trails addressing the pathophysiology and potential treatments for pruritis associated with jaun…

BACKGROUND: Headache is the most common neurological symptoms worldwide, as over 90% of people have noted at least one headache during their lifetime. Tension-type headaches, cervicogenic headaches, and migraines are common types of headache which can have a significant impact on social, physical, and occupational func…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits and harms of oral centrally acting antiobesity medicinal products in pivotal trials. METHODS: The European Medicines Agency and Federal Drug Administration websites, PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched to identify pivotal trials used to gain marketing authorizations. Pivota…

BACKGROUND: Surgery is established as the most effective treatment for central lung cancer. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is gaining popularity. The decision of whether surgical treatment of central lung cancer should be minimally invasive or a conventional thoracotomy is a critical decision for the thoracic surgeon…

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a highly disabling neurovascular primary headache disorder, with its exact pathomechanism being still unrevealed. The current leading hypotheses are based on the sensitization and activation of the trigeminovascular system. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature with focus on the effects of kynure…

BACKGROUND: Reirradiation with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for patients with primary or secondary lung malignancies represents an appealing definitive approach, but its feasibility and safety are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tumor control probability (TCP) and toxicity fo…

As per current recommendation, patients with acute ischemic stroke should be offered carotid endarterectomy (CEA) within 24-72 hours. The same applies to patients with recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIA). This time is usually less for hemodynamic optimization of patients who've suffered acute ischemic stroke. He…

Many anti-emetics are used in clinical practice. Palonosetron hydrochloride is one of them. It is a novel, centrally acting antiemetic, and anti-nausea agent. This drug is an antagonist of serotonin receptor subtype 3 (5-HT3). This drug has longer duration of action which makes it useful in the prevention and treatment…