44,726 papers found

BACKGROUND: Metformin, a well-established antidiabetic agent, has emerging neuroactive properties extending beyond glycemic control. Evidence suggests effects on neurotransmission, neuroprotection, and neuroinflammatory pathways, offering potential in neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 guideli…

INTRODUCTION: Intravascular catheters are crucial devices in medical practice that increase the risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), and related health-economic adverse outcomes. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of published automated algorithms for surveillance of catheter-relat…

OBJECTIVES: This review assesses the polypharmacy reduction potential of cinnamic acids (CAs) and some related compounds in managing three or more of the cluster of seven, pre- and post-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related features (central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, pro-thrombosis, oxidatio…

BACKGROUND: The association of central venous pressure (CVP) and mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill adult patients remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether elevated CVP is associated with increased mortality and AKI in critically ill adult patients. METHODS: We searched…

BACKGROUND: Central neck dissection and total thyroidectomy are standard treatments for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with clinically involved central nodes. However, prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) in patients with clinically uninvolved cN0 has been beneficial in some studies but ineffect…

BACKGROUND: Pain is one of the main symptoms associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) and can be associated with changes to the central nervous system (CNS). PURPOSE: This article provides an overview of the evidence relating to CNS changes (structural and functional) associated with pain in SCIs. DATA SOURCES: A sys…

OBJECTIVE: Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is frequently identified preoperatively and/or postoperatively in patients with sellar or parasellar lesions. Early diagnosis and effective perioperative management of central DI is critical to minimize disruptions in fluid homeostasis. In particular, although venous thromboem…

PURPOSE: Several studies have reported an association between central precocious puberty (CPP) and a higher prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), raising the hypothesis that CPP may act as an early-life indicator of increased PCOS risk. This review investigates the shared genetic, epigenetic, and environmenta…

: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a primary concern in children's health. Research suggests that repeated oxygen drops during sleep-common in SDB-may harm the brainstem's breathing control centres. This damage likely occurs through oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, which weaken the brain's ability to…

Novel clinical trial designs are conducted in the precision medicine era. This study aimed to evaluate biomarker-driven, adaptive phase II trials in precision oncology, focusing on infrastructure, efficacy, and safety. We systematically reviewed and analyzed the target studies. EMBASE and PubMed searches from 2015 to 2…

PURPOSE: This study compared the recovery of motor function and the safety of early and delayed surgical intervention in patients with central cord syndrome (CCS). METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were employed to retrieve the targeted studies published from inception to February 19, 2023.…

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to conduct a narrative synthesis of randomized trials to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of antibiotics and antiseptics in preventing central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in intensive care unit patients. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in acc…

BACKGROUND: Ligustilide (LIG), a natural phthalide compound mainly isolated from Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum chuanxiong, has attracted increasing attention because of its diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. Emerging studies sugg…

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and remains clinically challenging due to its marked heterogeneity and limited correlation between structural pathology and symptoms. Increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammatory mechanisms and central sensitization (CS) contribute to pain p…

Denosumab has been considered a treatment option for Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) a benign locally aggressive osteolytic lesion of the jaws. This study aimed to perform a scoping review of CGCG treated with Denosumab. The research question was: What is Denosumab's effectiveness in treating CGCG of the jaws? Stud…

OBJECTIVES: Over 50% of adults living with sickle cell disease (SCD) have chronic pain, but the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain in this population remain unclear. Quantitative sensory testing is an important measurement tool for understanding pain and sensory processing. This scoping review summarizes quantitativ…

AIM: Chronic pain conditions, such as migraine, migraine-related neck pain (NP), and low back pain (LBP), are central pain processing disorders that frequently coexist. This narrative review aims to synthesize central sensitization (CS), pain spread and pharmacological and rehabilitation-based interventions for these t…

BACKGROUND: Orthopaedic trauma is frequently accompanied by psychological distress, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Beyond injury severity and surgical factors, psychological outlook-encompassing negative cognitions (e.g., catastrophising) and…

BACKGROUND: Central venous catheters have been historically preferred over peripheral venous catheters for the administration of vasoactive medications in critically ill patients to reduce the risk of extravasation. Peripheral vasopressor administration is gaining attention as a strategy to expedite initiation while av…

BACKGROUND: Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in pediatric patients poses significant clinical challenges, with prevention strategies heavily reliant on identifying modifiable risk factors. Despite numerous studies investigating these risk factors, heterogeneity in study designs, populations, and r…