5,087,248 papers found

BACKGROUND: A stroke is a sudden loss of brain function caused by lack of blood supply. Stroke can lead to death or physical and cognitive impairment and can have long lasting psychological and social implications. Research shows that stroke survivors and their families are dissatisfied with the information provided an…

This chapter reviews evidence on the relationship between illicit drug use and violence, specifically cannabis, stimulant drugs, and opioids. It summarizes findings of systematic reviews of evidence on cannabis, stimulant drugs, and opioids. It also examines evidence from epidemiological studies of drug use among viole…

One potential pathway by which mindfulness-based meditation improves health outcomes is through changes in cognitive functioning. Here, we summarize and comment upon three systematic reviews conducted over the last seven years that have had the goal of identifying the impact of mindfulness on cognitive outcomes. In our…

Screening and diagnostic testing for detection of fetal aneuploidy has been an integral part of prenatal care for over three decades. The recent introduction of new technologies, such as cell free DNA (cfDNA) screening and preimplantation genetic screening, has created increased complexity for obstetrical care provider…

discuss strategies for modulating the gut microbiota through diet and probiotics

Malnutrition in adult hospitalized patients has been a significant issue for almost 40 years. Changes in 2007 to the diagnosis related groups reimbursement methodology, as outlined by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, provided an impetus to improve the diagnosis and documentation of malnutrition in adult p…

During the first international workshop on antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), Copenhagen 25 and 26 January 1988, ANCA, as detected by the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) technique, was extensively discussed. Cytoplasmic fluorescence pattern was found in patients with vasculitis. In contrast, perinuclear fl…

Psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and schizophrenia are leading causes of disability worldwide, and have a huge societal impact. However, despite the clear need for better therapies, and major advances in the understanding of the molecular basis of these disorders in recent years, efforts to discover an…

Survival rates for cardiac arrests that occur in hospitals and outside them continue to be low (17% and 6%, respectively), and fewer than one-third of patients who have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Consequently, a number of changes were made to the 2005 American Heart A…

The broadening of the classification systems for manic-depressive illness towards a spectrum of bipolar disorders implicates a more differentiated use of pharmacotherapies. However, many questions still remain open. This implies that all consensus guidelines and recommendations have to be considered as preliminary. On…

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex and heterogeneous clinical condition associated with high morbidity and mortality and can occur in the context of various diseases. It is characterized by increased pulmonary arterial pressure and progressive right ventricular overload. The current classification of the differen…

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after cesarean delivery protocols include evidence-based interventions designed to improve patient experience, pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes while reducing healthcare-related costs. This is the first update of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society guidelines for antenatal and preo…

Acute Otitis Media (AOM) typically affects previously healthy children and can be recurrent. This inter-society consensus aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for the antibiotic therapy of mild, severe and recurrent otitis media in previously healthy children in Italy.A systematic literature review was conduc…

BACKGROUND: The benefit of first-line use of sodium-dependent glucose transport 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with low risk of cardiovascular diseases are not clear. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases were searched…

This narrative review summarizes data on classical and nonclassical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). It is based on a rigorous literature search, inclusive of a Medline search for systematic reviews from 1940 to December 2020, coupled with a targeted search for original publications, covering four…

Standardized discharge criteria are critical to reduce premature discharge and avoid unnecessary hospital stays. No such criteria exist for patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). To achieve a consensus-based checklist of criteria for safe patient discharge after LT, this mixed-method study included the followi…

BACKGROUND: Focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) is a simplified, clinician-performed application of echocardiography that is rapidly expanding in use, especially in emergency and critical care medicine. Performed by appropriately trained clinicians, typically not cardiologists, FoCUS ascertains the essential information…

Given the limitations of evidence for treatment options that are consistently effective for TRD and the possibility that TRD is in fact a form of depression that has a low probability of resolving, how can clinicians help patients with TRD? Perhaps the most important conceptual shift that needs to take place before tre…

When searching for scholarly documents, researchers often stick with the same familiar handful of databases. Yet, just beyond these limited horizons lie dozens of alternatives with which they could search more effectively, whether for quick lookups or thorough searches in systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Searchsmar…