392,528 papers found

Violation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) can raise doubts about the validity of the conclusions from genetic association studies. However, for most currently performed gene-disease association studies, the available tests have low power to detect deviations from HWE. We consider this issue from a meta-analysis per…

A quantitative meta-analysis using the activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method was used to investigate the brain basis of the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Task (WCST) and two hypothesized component processes, task switching and response suppression. All three meta-analyses revealed distributed frontoparietal activation…

Prospective cohort studies are extremely important in epidemiological research as they give direct information on the sequence of events, which can be used to demonstrate causality. They also have the advantage that many diseases can be studied simultaneously. However, they are usually very time consuming and expensive…

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To understand the principles of systematic reviewing and meta-analysis, using recent examples from the medical literature to highlight some of these points. RECENT FINDINGS: The word 'meta-analysis' is an intimidating one, and its associated jargon makes it seem incomprehensible. Actually, it is onl…

Meta-analysis may be used to estimate an overall effect across a number of similar studies. A number of statistical techniques are currently used to combine individual study results. The simplest of these is based on a fixed effects model, which assumes the true effect is the same for all studies. A random effects mode…

Sequential designs are now a familiar part of clinical trial methodology. In particular, the triangular test has been used in several individual studies. Methods of combining studies are also well-known from the literature on meta-analysis. However, the combination of the two approaches is new. Consider the situation w…

A fairly new type of research, termed meta-analysis, attempts to analyze and combine the results of previous reports. In 1992 we updated our 1987 survey of 86 meta-analyses of randomized control trial reports in the english language literature with an additional 78. We evaluated the quality of these meta-analyses using…

The use of meta-analysis in environmental epidemiology can enhance the value of epidemiologic data in debates about environmental health risks. Meta-analysis may be particularly useful to formally examine sources of heterogeneity, to clarify the relationship between environmental exposures and health effects, and to ge…

Clinical decision-making in cardiology requires accurate estimates of the efficacy of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Defined as the quantitative integration of results from different studies on the same scientific question, meta-analyses are well-suited to summarize the evidence on the efficacy of clinical inte…

The main reason for using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is its capacity to keep the antithrombotic effect of standard non-fractioned heparin (NFH) while reducing its hemorrhagic power. Various studies comparing LMWH to NFH gave contradictory results, so we carried out a meta-analysis of randomized trials comparin…

INTRODUCTION: Heart diseases constitute a significant global public health concern. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are characterised by disruptions in blood circulation and are notably prevalent among adults exposed to Westernised diets. Ginseng, a medicinal plant, has been recognised for its healing properties and has…

In many areas of oncology, cancer drugs are now associated with long-term survivorship and mixture cure models (MCM) are increasingly being used for survival analysis. The objective of this article was to propose a methodology for conducting network meta-analysis (NMA) of MCM. This method was illustrated through a case…

OBJECTIVES: To systematically assess the robustness of meta-analyses based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in vascular surgery using the Fragility Index (FI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Meta-analyses published in English from January 2019 to April 2025, identified from EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Sc…

The product Bayes factor (PBF) synthesizes evidence for an informative hypothesis across heterogeneous replication studies. It can be used when fixed- or random effects meta-analysis fall short. For example, when effect sizes are incomparable and cannot be pooled, or when studies diverge significantly in the population…

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this scoping review was to identify available sources of evidence on the epidemiology of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and whether meta-analysis on the incidence of TRALI is feasible. TRALI is a serious complication and the second leading cause of death related to blood transf…

Despite the massive distribution of different vaccines globally, the current pandemic has revealed the crucial need for an efficient treatment against COVID-19. Meta-analyses have historically been extremely useful to determine treatment efficacy but recent debates about the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 patie…

OBJECTIVES: This study outlines the development of a new method (split component synthesis; SCS) for meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies and assesses its performance against the commonly used bivariate random effects model. METHODS: The SCS method summarizes the study-specific diagnostic odds ratio (on the ln…

In meta-analysis, study participants are nested within studies, leading to a multilevel data structure. The traditional random effects model can be considered as a model with a random study effect, but additional random effects can be added in order to account for dependent effects sizes within or across studies. The g…

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are used to summarize and interpret evidence for clinical decision-making in human health. The extent of the application of these methods in veterinary medicine and animal agriculture is unknown. The goal of this scoping study was to ascertain trends in the publication of systematic…