392,528 papers found

Overdispersion models have been extensively studied for correlated normal and binomial data but much less so for correlated multinomial data. In this work, we describe a multinomial overdispersion model that leads to the specification of the first two moments of the outcome and allows the estimation of the global param…

Meta-analyses are an important tool within systematic reviews to estimate the overall effect size and its confidence interval for an outcome of interest. If heterogeneity between the results of the relevant studies is anticipated, then a random-effects model is often preferred for analysis. In this model, a prediction…

OBJECTIVES: Tο report challenges encountered during the extraction process from Cochrane reviews in mental health and Campbell reviews and to indicate their implications on the empirical performance of different methods to handle missingness. METHODS: We used a collection of meta-analyses on binary outcomes coll…

Individual participant data meta-analyses (IPD-MA) are increasingly used for developing and validating multivariable (diagnostic or prognostic) risk prediction models. Unfortunately, some predictors or even outcomes may not have been measured in each study and are thus systematically missing in some individual studies…

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the efficacy of periodontal plastic procedures (PPP) in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions (MGR). METHODS: Randomized clinical trials (RCT) on MGR treatment with at least 6 months duration were identified through electronic databases and hand-searched journals. Primary ou…

BACKGROUND: Trial investigators frequently exclude patients from trial analyses which may bias estimates of the effect of treatment. Combining these estimates in a meta-analysis could aggregate any such biases. METHODS: To investigate how excluding patients from trials can affect the results of both trials and meta-an…

Meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies aggregates information from multiple studies on sensitivity and specificity. Classical approaches select a single pair of sensitivity and specificity per study (single threshold methods, STM), ignoring additional information if studies report results on multiple diagnos…

INTRODUCTION: Stroke, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, leads to disability in most patients, posing a burden on society and families. Intensive rehabilitation in the early stages is the most effective method of minimising these disabilities. Home-based rehabilitation strategies have emerged as a promising…

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent metabolic disorder associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation. Of recent interest is the association between diabetes and circadian rhythm disruption. The aim of this review is to evaluate and synthesise clinical evidence for whether diabetes affects homeostati…

INTRODUCTION: Haemorrhoidal disease affects 25-40% of adults worldwide and constitutes a primary reason for outpatient colorectal consultations. Surgical management is essential for grade III-IV or treatment-refractory cases. Numerous procedures have emerged, including Milligan-Morgan open haemorrhoidectomy, Ferguson c…

INTRODUCTION: When patients report a penicillin allergy (self-reported penicillin allergy, SRPA), clinicians alter their antibiotic management of the patient. However, fewer than 5% of SRPA have life-threatening reactions, and receiving narrower spectrum antibiotics may result in under treatment. Reports from community…

INTRODUCTION: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a debilitating complication of herpes zoster (HZ) that significantly impairs quality of life, disrupting sleep, daily activities and work capacity. Globally, PHN represents a major public health challenge, with marked heterogeneity in its epidemiological patterns across dif…

INTRODUCTION: Palliative cancer care is comprehensive, specialised medical care of patients that aims to alleviate physical, mental and emotional distress based on patients' needs rather than on prognosis. In Ethiopia, the federal ministry of health started palliative care (PC) in 2016. Since then, services have been d…

INTRODUCTION: Acute unstable syndesmosis injuries require accurate reduction and stable fixation to improve short-term and long-term outcomes. Several different fixation methods have been established for acute syndesmosis injuries, each with pros and cons. Although some meta-analyses have reported better outcomes with…

INTRODUCTION: Primary dysmenorrhoea (PD) is the most common gynaecological condition among young women and is associated with significant socioeconomic repercussions. It is unclear which works best for pain relief when pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are compared. This systematic review and networ…

BACKGROUND: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with conventional treatments often limited by radiation resistance, systemic toxicity and poor outcomes in advanced stages. Iodine-125 (I-125) seed implantation, combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, has eme…

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) in older adults is associated with certain adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, and disability, all of which affect patient quality of life, represent an economic burden, and potentially enhance the risk of death. Although a number studies have examined the effects of exerci…

N-of-1 trials are currently receiving broader attention in healthcare research when assessing the effectiveness of interventions. In contrast to the most commonly applied two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT), in an N-of-1 design, the individual acts as their own control condition in the sense of a multiple crossov…

INTRODUCTION: Myocarditis is an inflammatory heart disease resulting from infections, toxic exposures or autoimmune reactions. Irrespective of the factors responsible for this disease, cytokines play an important role in regulating the immunological response involved in its development and progression. Accordingly, thi…

The hallmark of evidence-based anatomy (EBA) is the anatomical meta-analysis (AMA). The Critical Appraisal Tool for Anatomical Meta-Analysis (CATAM) was recently published to enable users to appraise AMAs quickly and effectively. The tool is valuable for students and clinicians who need to judge the quality of AMAs, wh…