5,087,248 papers found

BACKGROUND: Bibliometric analysis aids to quantify the research prolificacy. The citation count acquired by a scientific article is one of the measures of its influence within a field. AIM: To employ bibliometrics to offer a quantitative-qualitative analysis of publications on early childhood caries (ECC) published be…

Until recently, conclusive data on clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy of the opioid-induced constipation (OIC) were not available. Lately, some phase II and III prospective studies, evaluating the efficay of several old and new laxatives in cancer and non-cancer patients, make their mechanisms of action easie…

PURPOSE: The relationship between treatment efficacy and patient risk is explored in a series of meta-analyses from the critical care domain, focusing on mortality outcome. METHODS: Systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials were identified by electronic search over the period 2002 to July 2018. A Bayesian met…

OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence relating to the epidemiology of endometrial cancer and its diagnostic workups. OPTIONS: Women with possible endometrial cancer can undergo an endometrial evaluation by office biopsy, hysteroscopy, or dilatation and curettage. To assist in treatment planning, pelvic ultrasound, CT scan…

The emergence of cell-based therapeutics has increased the need for high-quality, robust and validated measurements for cell characterization. Cell count, being one of the most fundamental measures for cell-based therapeutics, now requires increased levels of measurement confidence. The National Institute of Standards…

Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive, and debilitating optic neuropathy that causes retinal damage and visual defects. The pathophysiologic mechanisms of glaucoma remain ill-defined, and there is an indisputable need for contributions from basic science researchers in defining pathways for translational research. However…

BACKGROUND: Quality assurance concerns about social media platforms used for education have arisen within the medical education community. As more trainees and clinicians use resources such as blogs and podcasts for learning, we aimed to identify quality indicators for these resources. A previous study identified 151 p…

Portal hypertension is the main complication of cirrhosis and is defined as an hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) of more than 5 mmHg. Clinically significant portal hypertension is defined as HVPG of 10 mmHg or more. Development of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage are the most direct consequence of…

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality despite the widespread use of established medical therapies. This has prompted the search to identify new therapeutic approaches to achieve more effective prevention of cardiovascular events. Considerable interest has focused on the ro…

BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence of alcohol consumption in the US, 'mainstream' physicians generally consider it to be peripheral to most patient care. This may be due in part to a dearth of rigorous research on alcohol's effect on common diseases. METHODS: To evaluate this issue, we examined six systematic rev…

The present article reviews the scientific evidence available on antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infection in childhood. The information from clinical trials is of little use in decision making, because many of these studies evaluate antibiotics with a high level of resistance in Spain. Although some studies allo…

Proper management of Helicobacter pylori infection in clinical practice--when supported by evidence-based data--is expected to produce substantial cost-efficacy advantages. This consideration has prompted the Cervia Working Group to organise a meeting of experts to update the National Guidelines on the diagnosis and tr…

Renal impairment at baseline (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) is the most important risk marker to predict the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients receiving iodinated contrast media. Hence, it is important to assess renal function before administration of contrast me…

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurologic disease in which acute inflammatory events early in the disease course contribute to subsequent neurologic disability. The early relapsing inflammatory phase is followed by a progressive degenerative phase in which the frequency of acute inflammatory attacks dimi…

INTRODUCTION: Intensive therapy is one of the newest areas of medicine. The patient who was thought to be hopeless yesterday is given a chance to survive. As in other fields of medicine parallel with their development, several ethical and legal problems arise and wait for solutions. AIMS: Two areas need urgent solutio…

The hepatitis C virus was first identified in 1989. It causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Global anti-HCV prevalence is 1-3%. Contaminated blood product, dirty needles and instruments, and injection drug use are the main parenteral routes of transmission. Cultural practices, such as acupu…

OBJECTIVE: There is no agreement on how to classify and diagnose reactive arthritis (ReA) and it is also unclear what kind of specific clinical and laboratory investigations are appropriate. We define relevant points of agreement and identify points of disagreement among an international group of experts in the field.…

As pathological criteria lie at the foundation for the classification of many diseases, a crucial requisite for such classifications to be valid is that their morphological basis be standardised. Inadequately standardised diagnostic criteria result in unacceptable interobserver variation, a factor that may influence bo…

Early history of clinical trials on endosseous implants revolved around anecdotal reports on predominantly blade implants in the U.S. The first criteria to define success or failure were established at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-Harvard Conference in 1978. This was followed by the multi-center trials from…

BACKGROUND: Folate is essential for normal growth and in human health throughout the lifecycle. Clinical deficiency of folate impairs DNA synthesis and results in megaloblastic anaemia, while suboptimal folate status before and in early pregnancy results in an elevated risk of neural tube defects (NTD). The evidence on…