42,458 papers found

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive, invasive, and growth factor-independent grade IV glioma. Survival following the diagnosis is generally poor, with a median survival of approximately 15 months, and it is considered the most aggressive and lethal central nervous system tumor. Conventional treatments…

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI), conceived in the 1950s, has permeated numerous industries, intensifying in tandem with advancements in computing power. Despite the widespread adoption of AI, its integration into medicine trails other sectors. However, medical AI research has experienced substantial growth, at…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pooled prevalence and identify risk factors of congenital anomalies among neonates in Africa. METHODS: The pooled birth prevalence of congenital anomalies was the first outcome of this review, and the pooled measure of association between congenital anomalies and related risk factors in Afri…

BACKGROUND: Standard diagnostic and monitoring methods for glycemic status involve invasive sample collection through venous puncture or fingerstick. Recent attention has been focused on exploring noninvasive methods through oral biofluids. Specifically, serum fructosamine has been established as a short-term (2- to 3-…

Symptomatic epigastric hernia is rare in pregnant women. A case history, management of which prompted a systematic review of the literature and proposed plan for treatment of such cases, is hereby presented. There is paucity of information on management of this condition in the standard literature as searches in Pubmed…

The development of good-quality sleep is very important in early life. Sleep promotion programs aim to increase preterm infants' sleep quality because preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have poor sleep. Interestingly, the majority of preterm infants are treated with caffeine, a nervous system st…

BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation (LTx) is performed in approximately 4500 patients worldwide each year. Postoperatively, patients are at high risk of muscle catabolism due to Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-acquired weakness, potentially compromising functional recovery. While post-LTx rehabilitation is usually initiated aft…

INTRODUCTION: Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion in the HTT gene. It typically presents with choreiform movements, cognitive decline, and executive dysfunction. Moreover, psychiatric symptoms such as depression, psychosis, and disinhibition are common. Cat…

BACKGROUND: Extended reality (XR) simulation offers repeatable, risk-free practice for ophthalmic training. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify its effects on training outcomes. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception…

Dysphagia and aspiration are common complications in tracheostomized critically ill patients. The Modified Evan's Blue Dye Test (MEBDT) is a non-invasive, bedside, adjunctive rule-in signal for aspiration when positive. However, its diagnostic accuracy compared to the gold standard Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of S…

BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders affect approximately 84 million people in the European Union (18.4% of the total EU population), with significant variations in preventive care approaches across member states. Despite growing policy attention, significant implementation gaps persist, particularly in Central and East…

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to characterize the methodology and findings of head and neck cancer (HNC) literature utilizing deprivation indices. DATA SOURCES: Studies published in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Wiley), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial…

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of preoperative carbohydrate loading in elective colorectal surgery. METHODS: The review followed the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus and Cochrane…

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency microneedling (RFMN) is a prominent minimally invasive treatment for facial rejuvenation. While individual studies report positive outcomes, a comprehensive synthesis of evidence across efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction is lacking. OBJECTIVES: To synthesize evidence on the aesthetic…

OBJECTIVES: To synthesise evidence on prognosis, functional outcomes, and prognostic factors across functional neurological disorder (FND) subtypes and age groups. DESIGN: Systematic review with structured narrative synthesis (PRISMA 2020). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Sci…

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor, associated with an exceedingly poor prognosis. The gut microbiota, a complex community of microorganisms, critically regulates host physiological homeostasis and communicates bidirectionally with the central nervous system v…

BACKGROUND: Self-regulation is central to adolescent emotional and cognitive development, and deficits in self-regulation may associate with depression and anxiety. This scoping review maps the use of the Emotional Go/No-Go (EGNG), Delay Discounting Task (DDT), and Balloon Analogue Risk Task and Youth version (BART) in…

AIM: To identify and describe instruments used to assess obstetric violence and evaluate their methodological quality and psychometric properties. DESIGN: A scoping review. DATA SOURCES: Ten databases [Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Li…

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily affects joints and causes mobility problems. RA is associated with high mortality and morbidity as a result of the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, such as blood pressure (BP),…

AIM: This review systematically evaluated the impact of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) on audiological outcomes in Fabry disease, focusing on the nature of audiological findings, therapeutic effects on hearing function, and factors influencing treatment response. METHOD: The systematic review was conducted following…