5,011,235 papers found

Overwintering plants face a pronounced imbalance between light capture and use of that excitation for photosynthesis. In response, plants upregulate thermal dissipation, with concomitant reductions in photochemical efficiency, in a process characterized by a slow recovery upon warming. These sustained depressions of ph…

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection is widely used to treat angina pectoris in China. This overview aims to systematically summarize the general characteristics of systematic reviews (SRs) on TCM injection in treating angina, and assess the methodological and reporting quality of these reviews. We searched Pub…

Clinical trials have reported conflicting results as to whether Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) as first-line hormonal therapy improve outcome over tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. We performed a meta-analysis comparing primary and secondary endpoints of AIs to tamoxifen as first-line hormonal…

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials are the foundation underlying clinical decision-making. However, stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria may reduce the generalizability of their results, especially for patients seen in the emergency department (ED). Guideline recommendations, based on clinical trials and pertinent regis…

Women must often choose between a vaginal birth after previous cesarean and elective repeat cesarean delivery. Short-term risks of vaginal birth after cesarean can be potentially catastrophic in the setting of uterine rupture. Although randomized controlled trials comparing these 2 modes of delivery are lacking, observ…

The diagnosis of severe type 1 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) should be confirmed by an expert in paediatric neuromuscular disease. Invasive investigations are not usually necessary as the diagnosis is confirmed with a DNA blood test. Care thereafter should be delivered close to home by a multidisciplinary team with a c…

Growth failure is a common and significant clinical problem for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Children with CRI (typically defined by a glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <75 mL/min/1.73 m2) who have growth impairment exhibit a variety of medical an…

Tremendous debate has developed over the efficacy of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with fibrinolysis as the preferred treatment for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In 2002, the Ontario Ministry of Heath and Long-Term Care commissioned the Cardiac Care Network of Ont…

The 2003 St. Gallen consensus panel divided the many available adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) regimens into those with "standard efficacy" (ACx4, CMFx6) and those with "superior efficacy" (FA(E)Cx6, CA(E)Fx6, A(E)-->CMF, TACx6, ACx4--> paclitaxel (P)x4 or docetaxel (D)x4) but also greater complexity, toxicity and cost. Thi…

Because of the difficulties of recognizing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in the context of cystic fibrosis (because of overlapping clinical, radiographic, microbiologic, and immunologic features), advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of allergic aspergillosis, new possibilities in therapy,…

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a multifactorial aetiology and many potential risk markers are known. As it was not feasible to discuss all markers and their possible interactions in relation to all aspects of CVD, selections had to be made in this paper. In the context of claims and functional foods, emphasis was pla…

Tacrolimus has been shown to be more effective than cyclosporine for prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A number of transplant centers have therefore adopted tacrolimus as standard prophylaxis, but with additional experience, current management of tacrolimus differs from that in the clinical studies.…

Practical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis are presented. Chronic prostatitis is classified as chronic bacterial prostatitis (culture-positive) and chronic inflammatory prostatitis (culture-negative). If chronic bacterial prostatitis is suspected, based on relevant symptoms or recurrent…

The recent National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference on hepatitis C solidified the justification for a selective approach to treatment. Nevertheless, the high profile of chronic hepatitis C has led to a sense of urgency about treating "all-comers" and thus has caused the variable natural history of this diseas…

OBJECTIVE: To develop contemporary, comprehensive guidelines for the appropriate and efficient use of albumin, nonprotein colloid, and crystalloid solutions. DESIGN: A systematic, literature-based, consensus exercise employing a modified Delphi method. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-one medical and allied health professionals…

Otitis media (OM) is a wicked problem. Millennia ago, middle ear disease was described in the ancient Egyptian Ebers Papyrus and Indian Sushruta Samhit ('Compendium'). Centuries ago, Italian anatomists (Bartholomaeus Eustachius&#xa0;&#x223c;&#xa0;1563; and Antonio Valsalva&#xa0;&#x223c;&#xa0;1704) described the structu…

Non-cancer-related risk factors for secondary lymphedema were defined across four categories:&#x202f;co-morbidity, social determinants of health, behavioral factors, and environmental effectors. Based on rapid reviews of the literature and presentations at the ACS/LANA Lymphedema Summit, this working group categorized…

BACKGROUND: 'Choosing Wisely' is an international campaign against inappropriateness in medical practices that aims to promote a rational and evidence-based use of resources. The Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO) joined the Campaign in 2017 releasing five recommendations. AIMS…

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials are an important source of adverse effects data, including analyses in systematic reviews and recommendations in therapy guidelines. Trial publication bias may have profound effects on safety perceptions. This MiniReview presents and discusses biases in reporting of safety data in clinical t…

The aim of the overview was to synthesize existing systematic reviews (SRs) of flushing interval for patients who inserted totally implanted venous catheter devices (TIVAD). Regular flushing is indispensable for catheter patency, the recommended flushing interval of TIVAD is 4&#x2009;weeks, however, there is an argumen…