44,715 papers found

STUDY DESIGN: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials. OBJECTIVE: To compare fluoroquinolones to beta-lactams for the treatment of osteomyelitis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Treatment of osteomyelitis remains a real challenge in medicine necessitating the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, because of the variety…

OBJECTIVE: To review histopathological and clinical data linking endocrine failure to traumatic brain injury (TBI) during acute neurosurgical treatment and rehabilitation. METHODS: A focused search of the Medline (PubMed) medical literature database and the authors' files were used to identify selected publications.…

To summarize the available evidence in the literature regarding the effects of exposure to an enriched environment (EE) on the modulation of apoptotic markers in central tissue of rodents under unfavorable conditions. Searches were conducted in three databases: PubMed/Medline (70 articles), Scopus (65 articles), and EM…

: Tinnitus is a complex auditory phenomenon with multifactorial origins, often involving both peripheral and central auditory pathways. Given the multifactorial nature of tinnitus, this review specifically focuses on the auditory brainstem as it represents the first central relay for auditory input and a key site of ab…

INTRODUCTION: Cochlear implants have advanced the management of severe to profound deafness. However, there is a strong disparity in hearing performance after implantation from one patient to another. Moreover, there are several advanced kinds of imaging assessment before cochlear implantation. Microstructural white fi…

Relapsed/refractory central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, whether primary or secondary, is associated with poor prognosis with currently available treatment modalities, including high-dose chemotherapy-autologous stem cell transplantation. The pivotal ZUMA-1 and JULIET trials that led to FDA approval of Axicabtagene c…

OBJECTIVE: To review the current literature regarding cochlear implantation in patients with retrocochlear pathologies and extract speech perception scores between 6 months and 1 year after surgery. DATABASES REVIEWED: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL via Ovid, CINAHL Complete via Ebsco, and Web of Science.…

TUBB4A-associated disorder is a rare condition affecting the central nervous system. It displays a wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from isolated late-onset torsion dystonia to a severe early-onset disease with developmental delay, neurological deficits, and atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, therefore compl…

BACKGROUND: As in other fields of medicine, development of new medications for management of neuropathic pain has been difficult since preclinical rodent models do not necessarily translate to the clinics. Aside from ongoing pain with burning or shock-like qualities, neuropathic pain is often characterized by pain hype…

PURPOSE: To evaluate the current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatments for macular edema due to central retinal vein occlusions. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies between January 2013 and July 2018. Reference lists of published articles were…

The goals of this study were to analyze the incidence, clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings, surgical treatments, and neurological outcomes of trigonal cavernous malformations (TCMs). Among 1395 cases of intracranial and intraspinal cavernous malformations (CMs) surgically treated between 2003 and 2016 at Bei…

PURPOSE: To review the existing literature regarding the characteristics, prognostic factors, treatment, and survival of patients with medulloblastoma, who develop extraneural metastasis (ENM). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A PubMed search of English language articles from 1961 to 2007 was performed, yielding 47 articles rep…

BACKGROUND: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF) is a rare and enigmatic disease. Functional outcome is particularly uncertain for the small group of patients that are unable to stand at the time of diagnosis (grade 5 gait disturbance on the Aminoff-Logue scale, ALS). The objective of this study is to examine the…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several urinary diversion (UD) options are available after radical cystectomy (RC); however, there is a paucity of comparative evidence to guide patient counseling and shared decision-making. Level I evidence is limited in this domain and controversy exists regarding key clinical points like h…

Penetrating injury to the dural venous sinuses (DVS) commonly occurs at the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), transverse sinus (TS), and torcular confluence. While rare, DVS penetrating injuries carry high risk of intracranial hemorrhage, air embolism, and venous infarction. The current literature pertaining to penetratin…

INTRODUCTION: Hereditary breast cancer accounts for approximately 5 to 10% of all breast cancer cases. Mutations in thegene, which plays a central role in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, are the main cause of these familial forms and are strongly associated with aggressive subtypes, particularly triple-negative b…

Severe asymptomatic hypertension is a common presentation in acute care, yet the optimal choice of oral antihypertensive therapy remains uncertain due to limited comparative evidence. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating oral antihypertensive agents in ad…

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review using Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM). OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence on osteoporosis and mechanical outcomes after fusion for degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and related adult spinal deformity (ASD), and appraise perioperative teriparatide or romosozumab. SUMMARY OF BACK…

Strenuous exercise is a well-established physiological stimulus that enhances muscular strength and hypertrophy but can also increase reactive oxygen species production, leading to oxidative stress (OS). Numerous studies have investigated whether dietary supplements can attenuate exercise-induced OS, yet findings remai…

Interferences-endogenous and exogenous factors that distort analytical measurements remain an under-recognized source of laboratory error, particularly in low-resource settings. In Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), persistent limitations in laboratory infrastructure, workforce training, and quality management syste…