392,419 papers found

PROBLEM: Studies on individual differences in traffic safety report differently on their methodologies, and use different statistics, and these are therefore difficult to compare and meta-analyze. METHOD: Based upon a previous, extensive review and meta-analysis of the traffic safety literature, several recommendation…

Metabolic syndrome is considered as clustering of cardiovascular risk factors related to insulin resistance. Pioglitazone is one of thiazolidinediones that acts as insulin sensitizer. Since insulin resistance plays a role in pathogenesis of hypertension, pioglitazone may subserve antihypertensive effect in subjects wit…

Since its first description by Hunter in 1790, the nasogastric tube has become a frequently used method of alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms. Because the morbidity associated with its use is low the risks of complications are often underestimated. We present a case of bilateral vocal cord paralysis and supraglottic…

We reviewed systematically and aggregated statistically the results of prospective randomized clinical trials to examine the relations among the nutrition interventions, complications, and mortality rates. We conducted a search for prospective randomized clinical trials comparing the effects of enteral and parenteral n…

Amifostine (Ethyol; MedImmune Inc, Gaithersburg, MD) is a cytoprotective and radioprotective agent for normal tissues against the deleterious effects of chemotherapeutic agents and/or ionizing radiation. We have compiled a unique database for meta-analysis that aims to address the controversial concept of the tumor pro…

A qualitative meta-analysis of three ethnographic studies conducted by the original investigators of those studies yielded new understandings of the dynamics of health care relationships in context. Through this analysis, the authors show that moral judgments and decision making in health care are highly relational and…

This article presents a method to combine QTL results from different independent analyses. This method provides a modified Akaike criterion that can be used to decide how many QTL are actually represented by the QTL detected in different experiments. This criterion is computed to choose between models with one, two, th…

In this article, literature concerning the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) of single subject research literature is reviewed. First, the general rationale for such an approach is discussed. Next, procedures for synthesizing single-subject literature are described, followed by comments and critiques of those proc…

Metaanalyses of epidemiological studies have increased during the last years and are often used to evaluate the effect of risk factors which are inconsistent in different studies, mainly for small risk factors. Very often a metaanalysis is performed from published data. In this article we discuss this form of a metaana…

The number of meta-analyses or overviews appearing in the literature is rapidly increasing. Because of the problems inherent in non-randomised studies, which are not diminished by using meta-analysis techniques, this paper only refers to meta-analyses of randomised trials. Examples are given of the value of meta-analys…

The information on therapeutics is moving at a high path for various causes. Now, tools for informing correctly the prescriber do exist. However, they require the operation of suitable structures. The mainstem of the system consists of an intermediary which should comply with appropriate rules. It will work from an exh…

Reports of diagnostic accuracy often differ. The authors present a method to summarize disparate reports that uses a logistic transformation and linear regression to produce a summary receiver operating characteristic curve. The curve is useful for summarizing a body of diagnostic accuracy literature, comparing technol…

With the proliferation of meta-analyses in the medical literature have come conflicting studies. In addition, observance of guidelines for the performance of meta-analyses has been spotty. Bias may explain conflicting studies and differentiate carefully performed meta-analyses from others. Meta-analysts may fail to ant…

Psychotherapy research is characterized by slowly accumulated findings, not by dramatic breakthroughs. In this review of psychotherapy research methodology, the author identifies eight areas of relative consensus--such as the use of clinical trials, random assignment to treatment conditions, investigation of interactio…