2,530 papers found

BACKGROUND: Patient and professional views about the impact of providing full real-time access to the medical record in the in-hospital setting are unknown. METHODS: Likert-scale and free-text validated questionnaire survey of physicians and patients from acute medical units in two hospitals. The questionnaire explore…

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether medical student responses to Script Concordance Testing (SCT) items represent valid clinical reasoning. Using a think-aloud approach students provided written explanations of the reasoning that underpinned their responses, and these were reviewed for concordance with an exper…

In computerized detection of clustered microcalcifications (MCs) from mammograms, the traditional approach is to apply a pattern detector to locate the presence of individual MCs, which are subsequently grouped into clusters. Such an approach is often susceptible to the occurrence of false positives (FPs) caused by loc…

Existing AI solutions-like the XGBoost tool by Li et al.-show potential for preoperative screening but rely on fixed questionnaires and opaque feature weighting. We introduce a hybrid framework that combines reasoning LLMs (OpenAI o3, DeepSeek R1, Google Gemini 2.5, Anthropic Claude 3.7 Sonnet) with specialty medical m…

MOTIVATION: Simultaneous alignment and folding (SA&F) of RNAs is the indispensable gold standard for inferring the structure of non-coding RNAs and their general analysis. The original algorithm, proposed by Sankoff, solves the theoretical problem exactly with a complexity of [Formula: see text] in the full energy mode…

Neonatal sepsis is a systemic response to a bacterial infection within the first 28 days of life. Diagnosis remains a challenge due to the subtle and nonspecific signs, often resulting in the use of empirical antibiotics and their associated risks. This systematic review aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy and clin…

OBJECTIVES: Patients with infrainguinal peripheral arterial disease often undergo multiple revascularisation procedures. Although many centres have adopted an endovascular first approach, some are reluctant to do so for fear of compromising the outcomes of any subsequent bypasses. All studies that compared the outcomes…

CONTEXT: Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) is an emerging nonpharmacological intervention utilized to address various health conditions, particularly among the elderly population. This scoping review aims to examine the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of OMT in improving pain, balance, and quality…

BACKGROUND: Repurposing is a drug development strategy receiving heightened attention after the Food and Drug Administration granted emergency use authorization of several repurposed drugs to treat Covid-19. There remain knowledge gaps on the root causes, facilitators and barriers for repurposing. METHOD: This systema…

INTRODUCTION: As the U.S. population ages, the incidence of chronic disease will rise. Chronic diseases have been linked to chronic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in relation to inflammation. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched. In…

PURPOSE: Needle-free jet injection has to some extent improved the quality of life of patients with diabetes, but it has not been widely used. Therefore, we analyzed articles, clinical trials, and patents of needle-free insulin injection to (1) perform a systematic and comprehensive analysis of scientific research and…

Oscillators are at the heart of optical lasers, providing stable, transform-limited pulses. Until now, laser oscillators have been available only in the infrared to visible and near-ultraviolet (UV) spectral region. In this paper, we present a study of an oscillator operating in the 5- to 12-keV photon-energy range. We…

INTRODUCTION: While evaluations of indoor smoke-free legislation have demonstrated major public health benefits among adults, their impact on the smoking behavior of young people remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the association between smoke-free legislation in hospitality venues and smok…

BACKGROUND: The nursing shortage is driven, in part, by the critical shortage of nursing faculty. Consequently, qualified potential nursing students are being turned away from nursing schools each year. The preeminent issue influencing the United States nurse faculty workforce shortage is salary; financial compensation…

Although recent progress in medicine has substantially reduced cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-related mortalities, current therapeutics have failed miserably to be beneficial for all patients with CVDs. A wide array of evidence suggests that newly-introduced cell-free treatments (CFTs) have more reliable results in the…

In addition to standard anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL), subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy (sSAH) is also a common technique for the treatment of medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). We conducted a systematic literature review to determine the seizure and neuropsychological outcomes…

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is well-recognized as a very common chronic and relapsing pruritic skin disorder affecting both children and adults worldwide. The adverse effects on the quality of life of affected individuals and their families is well-established. The pathophysiology of AD is complex, leading to interindividua…

OBJECTIVE: To review the available evidence for home smoking restrictions as a useful tool in the prevention of youth smoking and to make recommendations for further research. METHODS: A PubMed search (1 January 1990 to 26 January 2010) identified studies involving youth ≤18 years using extensive criteria. In a…

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic literature review of cost-of-illness studies and economic evaluations for diabetic patients with comorbid depression. METHODS: Systematic literature search in PubMed and NHS EED in March 2011, complemented by a bibliographic search within all eligible articles. RESULTS: The search p…

BACKGROUND: It is a challenge to dispatch Emergency medical Services (EMS) appropriately with limited resources and maintaining patient safety; this requires accurate dispatching systems. The objective of the current systematic review was to examine the evidence, according to GRADE, for medical dispatching systems to a…