42,384 papers found

IMPORTANCE: Psychostimulant medication is an efficacious treatment for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, yet controversy remains regarding potential iatrogenic effects of stimulant medication, particularly with respect to increasing susceptibility to later substance use disorders. However, stimulant t…

BACKGROUND: Congenital choanal atresia is a rare abnormality characterized by unilateral or bilateral lack of patency of the posterior end of the nasal cavity. With an incidence of 1:5000 to 1:8000 births, it is twice as prevalent in females as it is in males. Surgical procedures aim to provide adequate functional choa…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Malignant grade and death rate are very high for non-small cell lung cancer, and gefitinib is a new molecule target anticancer drug. The aim of this meta analysis is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of gefitinib for non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Cen…

There is evidence from animal studies that repeated exposure to methylphenidate (MPH), a widely used psychostimulant for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), produces behavioural, structural and neurochemical changes that persist long after drug administration has ended. However, the transl…

BACKGROUND: Synchronized ventilation of neonates is standard care in industrialized countries. Both flow-cycled and time-cycled modes of synchronized ventilation are in widespread use for assisted ventilation of neonates. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of flow-cycled versus time-cycled synchronized ventilation on…

BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular safety of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in older men with hypogonadism has been debated for over a decade, largely on the basis of underpowered trials and conflicting observational data. The TRAVERSE trial, published in 2023, provided the first adequately powered, placebo-control…

() infection has been extensively studied for its potential association with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with prior meta-analyses reporting inconsistent findings. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies restricted to those providing reconstructable 2×2 conting…

Occlusal splints are widely used as a conservative treatment modality for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). With the increasing integration of digital technologies in dentistry, computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) workflows have emerged. Although digital splints are increasingly adopted in clinical pract…

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a biologically targeted, high-linear energy transfer radiotherapy that selectively delivers cytotoxic α-particles to boron-loaded tumor cells and has re-emerged with the development of hospital-compatible accelerator neutron sources and improved boron carriers. We performed…

PURPOSE: To systematically review the anatomical and functional outcomes of vitreoretinal surgery for familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR)-associated retinal detachment (RD). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following a PROSPERO-registered protocol. The Cochrane Central Register of…

BACKGROUND: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic inflammatory vasculopathy associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and thromboembolic complications, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Early identification of high-risk subgroups is essential for targeted prevention. This scoping review summarizes th…

BACKGROUND: Hemodialysis is a common renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The common types of vascular access mainly include arteriovenous fistula (AVF), arteriovenous graft (AVG), and central venous catheter (CVC). However, the association between different access types and all-c…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of the effect of preoperative teaching methods on outcomes for adult patients undergoing major head and neck surgery. DATA SOURCES: OVID Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane, Pubmed, and Embase databases were queried. REVIEW METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in Ja…

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to summarize and analyze the current literature related to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), the vestibular system, and vestibular migraine. BACKGROUND: CGRP is a neuropeptide that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. Vestibular migraine (VM) is a subtype of migrain…

BACKGROUND: This study seeks to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of various physical activity modalities: including aerobic (AT), resistance (RT), flexibility (FT), and combined aerobic-resistance (AT + RT) training, in reducing depressive symptoms among children and adolescents, with the aim of det…

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of patient education interventions on fasting blood glucose (FBG) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: Electronic search of MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Clinicaltrials.gov was…

BACKGROUND: Dysfunctional glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the underlying pathogenesis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH), which is used as a first line treatment for ADHD, has been shown to have both acute and chronic effects on prefronta…

INTRODUCTION: Brain and spine metastases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with malignancy. Aside from advancements in medical, surgical, and radiation therapies, patient workflow optimization augments care. Here, we present the first systematic review to identify opportunities in workflow optimi…

Evidence linking diet and ocular diseases is growing, yet variations persist, with a paucity of data in sub-Saharan Africa. The proposed review will systematically synthesize evidence on dietary factors associated with predominant eye disorders (cataracts, refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related m…

The COVID-19 global pandemic affected every human on earth, and we are still currently feeling the repercussions. The unprecedented transmission of the virus and the response as well as the mobilization of the major health authorities internationally resulted in one of the largest-scale immunization drives in modern hi…