42,378 papers found

BACKGROUND: Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Advances in understanding the hallmarks of cancer biology and novel therapies have led to an increasing number of survivors of childhood brain tumors (SCBT). However, these survivors are at an increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic…

UNLABELLED: Maternal IgG anti-A/B titers have been considered as a susceptible factor to the risk of ABO hemolytic disease in newborn (ABO-HDN). However, the results remain controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the association between maternal IgG anti-A/B titers and the risk of ABO-HDN. METHODS: Trials…

BACKGROUND: Humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) delivers humidified gas at increased flow rates via binasal prongs and is becoming widely accepted as a method of non-invasive respiratory support for preterm infants. While indications for the use of (HHFNC) and its associated risks and benefits are being investig…

PURPOSE: The question which kind of methods is most suitable for treating the old people for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture is still discussed and pairwise meta-analyses cannot get hierarchies of these treatments. Our aim is to integrate the evidence to provide hierarchies of the comparative efficacy measu…

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been suggested as a cause of impaired drug absorption. This infection leads to alteration of the gastric acid secretion that may change the conformational characteristics of drugs and their intestinal absorption leading to uncertainties about the dose t…

OBJECTIVE: Prescribers often consider the off-label use of stimulants or stimulant alternatives as adjunctive antidepressants. The authors reviewed the available literature on the efficacy of these agents for treatment of refractory unipolar and bipolar depression. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, MEDLINE, and relevant English-l…

OBJECTIVE: To review the functions of these intracellular signals in their regulation of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon regeneration. DATA SOURCES: Relevant articles published in English or Chinese from 1970 to present were selected from PubMed. Searches were made using the terms "intrinsic determinants, axon regene…

BACKGROUND: HIV-1 strains have diversified extensively through mutation and recombination since their initial transmission to human beings many decades ago in Central Africa in the first part of the 20th Century (between 1915 and 1941). The upward trend in global HIV-1 diversity has continued unabated, with newer group…

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled anger while being most commonly associated with personality disorders could also be part of many other conditions such as chronic low back ache and post-traumatic stress disorder. The intensity of anger as an emotional state at a particular time is known as "State Anger," whereas how often angr…

BACKGROUND: This is an update of a Cochrane Review originally published in Issue 1, 2007 of The Cochrane Library.Tinnitus is an auditory perception that can be described as the experience of sound, in the ear or in the head, in the absence of external acoustic stimulation. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) uses relax…

BACKGROUND: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis may have an increased risk of falls due to impairments in lower-extremity joints, which may result in either mobility, or postural stability problems. There is evidence in the literature suggesting that balance, agility and coordination training techniques can induce chang…

PURPOSE: This study is a meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of central neuraxial blockade (CNB) (epidural or spinal) to facilitate fetal version. METHODS: A search with no language restriction for all available randomized controlled trials (RCT) was conducted in PUBMED on July 2, 2009, EMBASE 1980 to 2009 Week 27,…

BACKGROUND: People with intermittent claudication suffer from pain in the muscles of the leg occurring during exercise which is relieved by a short period of rest. Symptomatic relief can be achieved by (supervised) exercise therapy and pharmacological treatments. Ginkgo biloba is a vasoactive agent and is used to treat…

OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and tolerability profiles of quinine in nocturnal and dialysis-associated leg cramps and to examine potential alternative agents. DATA SOURCES: Selection and extraction: a MEDLINE/PubMed, English-language literature search from 1966 to the present using quinine, leg cramps, vitamin E,…

BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory deconditioning is a common sequelae after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Clinically, fitness training is implemented to address this impairment, however this intervention has not been subject to rigorous review. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to evaluate whether fitness training imp…

BACKGROUND: Older individuals experience physiologic changes in organ function related to aging or to specific disease processes. These changes can affect drug pharmacodynamics in older adults. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this article was to review age-related changes in pharmacodynamics and their clinical relevance. METH…

BACKGROUND: Modafinil is a novel wake-promoting agent that has U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for narcolepsy and shift work sleep disorder and as adjunctive treatment of obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome. Modafinil has a novel mechanism and is theorized to work in a localized manner, utilizing hypoc…

Neuroinflammation is a key driver in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) injuries. Chrysin, a natural flavonoid, has demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. This scoping review systematically an…

BACKGROUND: Switching between versions of medication products happens commonly despite challenges in achieving bioequivalence and therapeutic equivalence. Central nervous system and psychiatric drugs, especially those that are technically demanding to manufacture and have complex pharmacokinetic properties, such as lon…

The human gut microbiota influences obesity, insulin resistance, and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gut microbiota digests and ferments nutrients resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which generate various beneficial metabolic effects on energy and glucose homeostasi…