381,585 papers found

INTRODUCTION: Although perioperative chemotherapy (CT) is considered the standard treatment for gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma, the incorporation of novel agents into these standard regimens could potentially improve patient prognosis. The combination of immunotherapy and targeted therapies…

People with type 2 diabetes have higher rates of hypertension compared to the general population, Current guidelines do not consider the baseline blood pressure for activity prescription. This study aimed to evaluate and compare effects of different physical activity modalities on blood pressure in individuals with typ…

While the loss of a parent during childhood may put a person at risk for depression, many studies have failed to confirm the importance of this risk factor. Nevertheless, the relationship between the loss of a parent and depression is of clinical importance. This paper reviews studies of the loss of a parent as a risk…

Oral enteric vaccines are reviewed with particular reference to cholera and typhoid. Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Shigella and Rotavirus vaccines are also considered. Clinical trials of those potentially useful vaccines are surveyed.

To clarify the role of radiation therapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas studies with radiotherapy alone, combined interventional or concurrent radio-chemotherapy are reviewed. It is shown that in the case of inoperable tumour radiotherapy alone is inadequate, but by the means of a combination of chemothe…

Pharmacologic choices afford physicians the opportunity to tailor drug therapy to the individual patient's profile, and we are bolstered by a broad understanding of controllable risk factors. Choice of regimen--whether or not it involves drugs--requires accurate diagnostic information. Success depends on both control o…

AIMS: Given the epidemic proportions of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) globally, it's crucial to comprehensively understand the factors influencing its management. The gut microbiome, known for its influence on various aspects of health, has emerged as a potential regulator of blood pressure in individuals with T2DM.…

This review examines the liver-damaging side effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). It seems that AAS can cause development of peliosis hepatis, subcellular changes of hepatocytes, hepatocellular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenomas. On the other hand, it has not been convincingly proved that AAS can cause d…

The extent to which a clinician should believe and act on the results of subgroup analyses of data from randomized trials or meta-analyses is controversial. Guidelines are provided in this paper for making these decisions. The strength of inference regarding a proposed difference in treatment effect among subgroups is…

The basic ideas of multiple testing are outlined and the problem of how to control the probability of erroneous decisions is discussed. The main emphasis is on the concept of the multiple level of significance (controlling the experiment, or family error in the strong sense) which can be achieved by applying the princi…

Depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is a significant clinical problem for which the etiological basis remains unclear. Several authors have asserted it to be a reactive state to progressive, disabling symptoms, whereas others have suggested a neurochemical basis. Recent evidence suggests serotonin defi…

The extent to which theory and research were interrelated in 142 gerontologic nursing studies was examined using the Theory-Research Linkage Inventory, an instrument developed by the authors. Forty-six percent of the studies reviewed were related in varying degrees to a specific theory or model. Strengths and limitatio…

This review discusses the rationale for using guided tissue regeneration therapy. The review not only attempts to clarify the concept of selective tissue regeneration using non-resorbable and resorbable barriers, but to discuss differences in healing events after treatment with the two types of barriers together with t…

Although creation of sophisticated technologies in health care has been one of the most significant social developments of the last decades, evaluation of the health effects is essential to avoid misallocation of resources. Evaluation today depends on various scientific tools: epidemiologic methods provide benchmarks f…

We have investigated the relationship between the suppression of acidity by antisecretory drugs for the treatment of benign gastric ulcer and their corresponding ulcer-healing rates. For a variety of antisecretory drug regimens, there was a significant correlation between suppression of 24-h intragastric acidity and ul…

Nine publications are reviewed concerning blood pressure (BP) levels among Amerindian tribes of the Amazon Basin. The lifestyle of these lowland peoples includes most known protective factors against hypertension, and relative isolation from Western society. The latter, however, is rapidly changing. Sampling, data, and…

Improving population well-being is increasingly recognized as a global priority, yet evidence on the comparative effectiveness of well-being-focused interventions in adults is fragmented. Here we conduct a preregistered systematic review and network meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42023403480) of randomized controlled trial…

INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a common surgical procedure for the removal of kidney stones. Adequate postoperative analgesia is crucial for enhancing recovery and minimizing complications. Peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) have emerged as a promising method for managing postoperative pain in PCNL pa…

Multi-gene panel testing allows efficient detection of pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes including moderate-risk genes such as ATM and PALB2. A growing number of studies examine the risk of breast cancer (BC) conferred by pathogenic variants of these genes. A meta-analysis combining the reported risk e…

BACKGROUND: The best initial strategy for managing epistaxis is unclear. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the effectiveness of various noninvasive treatments for patients with epistaxis. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from inception to September…