44,697 papers found

INTRODUCTION: Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) remains an oral treatment option for selected patients with bladder pain syndrome, but recognition of PPS-associated pigmentary maculopathy has created uncertainty about long-term prescribing. The central clinical problem is that reported retinal-risk estimates vary marke…

BACKGROUND: Dignity is central to ethical, person-centred, and rights-based mental health care, yet evidence from East Africa remains fragmented. This review synthesised evidence on dignity and related dimensions of mental health care. METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, African J…

INTRODUCTION AND METHODS: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by bone loss. A Medline/PubMed search was conducted in September 2025 using the keywords "rheumatoid arthritis" AND "bone loss." The search was restricted to recently published review or systematic review articles (2020-…

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whether large language models reason or simply regurgitate training data in clinical diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We audited 2000 clinical case reports from PubMed Central: 1000 from 2021 to 2022 (within training data) and 1000 from 2025 (after training cutoffs). Five frontier LLMs generated d…

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Catatonia, a complex neuropsychiatric condition, is frequently linked to psychiatric illnesses, especially schizophrenia. While its motor and behavioral signs are well-recognized, cognitive deficits in catatonia are insufficiently studied. This systematic review investigates whether catatonia…

Stroke, including hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke, is a common disease of the central nervous system. It is characterized by a high mortality and disability rate and is closely associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension hyperglycemia, atrial fibrillation and unhealthy living habits. The continuous development…

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive gynecologic surgery is safe and feasible procedure for benign gynaecological conditions with less morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To determine the best approach in benign gynecology and establish superiority of robotic over conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy in terms of safety and effectivenes…

Arachidonic acid (AA), an important polyunsaturated fatty acid in the brain, is hydrolyzed by a direct action of phospholipase A(PLA) or through the combined action of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase, and released into the cytoplasm. Various derivatives of AA can be synthesized mainly through the cyclooxygena…

This study delves into the historical trajectory of dermatological anesthesia, tracing its roots from ancient civilizations to modern times. It emphasizes the relentless pursuit of pain relief in dermatologic procedures and the transformative impact of anesthesia on surgical practices. A comprehensive analysis was cond…

INTRODUCTION: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with a steadily progressive course due to the death of central and peripheral motor neurons responsible for voluntary movements. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a treatment method unique in its universality and efficacy, particularly for…

BACKGROUND: Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumours (AT/RT) are uncommon but aggressive, malignant tumours in the paediatric age group. Presentation of concomitant supratentorial and infratentorial lesions in an infant is extremely rare. We discuss an infant diagnosed with such lesions. Systematic PubMed search was conducte…

PURPOSE: in this scoping review, previously reported data were described and synthesized to document transition interventions in CCSs, and the features of intervention components of the current transition studies for CCSs were summarized. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Ps…

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) through inflammation. MS symptoms become acute if the disease progresses to the relapsing phase. AIM: This review aimed to evaluate the role played by regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pathogenesis of MS. METHO…

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes has become a major global problem. Insulin resistance has a central role in pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for the disposal of most of the glucose under conditions of insulin stimulation, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle causes dy…

BACKGROUND: Pregnant and post-partum women with opioid dependence are an extremely vulnerable population within correctional facilities. A significant number of maternal inmates, however, still lack adequate provision of medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) and are subsequently forced into withdrawal. Currently, t…

The description of the main scientifically consolidated innovations in recent years on Rapid Sequence Induction have been the subject of this narrative review. Data sources were PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicaTrials.gov, searched up to March 21, 2023; rapi…

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Across surgical specialties, residencies are incentivized to improve program diversity, most often through recruitment of underrepresented minority (URM), women, LGBTQ, and disabled applicants. However, residency attrition remains high in these groups, highlighting the need for specific inclusion ini…

PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION: Data on the efficacy of physical exercise interventions for individuals with gynecologic cancer are limited and discordant. The purpose of this review was to determine the benefits of exercise interventions in this population. LITERATURE SEARCH: The PubMed®, Web of Science, Embase® (O…

This mini-review aims to briefly summarize the pathophysiology of childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in children and adolescents. Recent data on efficacy of lifestyle interventions, medications, and metabolic surgery for obesity, T2DM, and CVD risk factors are also…

INTRODUCTION: Chronic cough is a debilitating condition that is among the most common reasons for seeking medical attention yet remains challenging to manage. Identifying an underlying respiratory, nasal, or upper gastrointestinal disease triggering cough is the first step in assessment, but once this has been ruled ou…