42,377 papers found

OBJECTIVE: This manuscript aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the physiological, molecular, and cellular mechanisms triggered by reactive astrocytes (RA) in the context of spinal cord injury (SCI), with a particular focus on cases involving hyperglycaemia. METHODS: The compilation of articles related to astr…

It is common upon admission or during stay at a hospital or intensive care unit (ICU) for patients to present with or acquire a serum sodium abnormality. Hyponatremia, serum sodium level less than 135 mmol/L, frequently associated with critical illnesses such as heart failure and liver cirrhosis, is an indicator of dis…

BACKGROUND: Rising rates of opioid abuse worldwide have led to the implementation of policies to curb opioid prescribing. It is unknown what impact these policies have on prescribing within the setting of hospice and palliative care. OBJECTIVES: To determine the current state of the science of opioid prescribing in ho…

The current nCOVID-19 pandemic is raising several questions in the approximately 25% of patients who present with neurological symptoms. While secondary brain injury from the systemic manifestations of the disease account for the majority of non-specific neurological symptoms that include headache, nausea, and progress…

INTRODUCTION: The lack of proper denture hygiene may cause denture stomatitis and be detrimental to older adults' health. The cleaning of complete dentures should be quick, efficient, and easy to perform, although it might not guarantee disinfection. The use of a microwave oven has been suggested for aiding in the disi…

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex syndrome associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and costs. Despite advancements in diagnosis and care practice, AKI remains a disorder usually under/late-recognized with high mortality. One of the hidden reasons for poor outcome might be delayed nephrology co…

OBJECTIVES: To provide an organized resource for clinicians and patients to use to understand the treatment options and outcomes for orthodontics in terms of extracting or not extracting permanent teeth. METHODS: Literature published from January 2000 to current was searched in the electronic databases Cochrane Centra…

Postoperative visual loss (POVL) after spine surgery performed with the patient prone is a rare but devastating postoperative complication. The incidence and the mechanisms of visual loss after surgery are difficult to determine. The 4 recognized causes of POVL are ischemic optic neuropathy (approximately 89%), central…

OBJECTIVE: Research into psychoneuroimmunology has led to substantial advances in our understanding of the reciprocal interactions between the central nervous system and the immune system in neuropsychiatric disorders. To date, the presence of inflammatory responses and the crucial role of cytokines in major depression…

In recent years, several studies have shown that right ventricular function is an important predictor of survival in patients with congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension or left heart failure. Our understanding of right heart failure has improved considerably over the last two decades. In this review article,…

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a neurological condition with an increased probability of seizure occurrence through time. Although many anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) exist, they fail to treat seizures in 30% of patients with epilepsy. For these patients, new AEDs potentially more efficacious and safe are developed. OBJECTIVE:…

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pattern of adhesion molecules in patients with septic shock. Data sources. - References obtained from Pubmed databank. DATA EXTRACTION: Models of inflammation linking endothelial dysfunction, adhesion molecules and septic states were analyzed. DATA SYNTHESIS: The endothelium has been identif…

Differential diagnosis is crucial for medicine as it helps healthcare providers systematically distinguish between conditions that share similar symptoms. This study assesses the impact of lab test results on differential diagnoses (DDx) made by large language models (LLMs). Clinical vignettes from 50 case reports from…

Recent research underscores the significance of meniscal extrusion in knee osteoarthritis progression. Centralization of the meniscus has emerged as a potential intervention, yet comprehensive literature on this is limited. This systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on meniscus centralization's impact on extrus…

Indole was first identified around 1869, this being an indole ring system which is a fused benzene and pyrrole ring system. Research findings illustrate that indole derivatives have gained acceptance as therapeutic agents because they contain structural versatility and access different biological targets. Scientific re…

BACKGROUND: The Infertility refers to the inability of couples to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. The incidence of infertility is increasing and is estimated to be 8-12%, or even up to 20%. Primarily, it involves organic causes, but the psychological aspect is not excluded. OBJECTI…

The concept of 'pyramidal weakness' denotes that neurological examination findings can be localised to the central nervous system (CNS), and implying a specific pattern of motor weakness involving upper limb extensors and lower limb flexors. However, other weakness patterns have been observed in CNS lesions. We aim to…

UNLABELLED: Despite the development and implementation of preventive measures, new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) cases are still being registered among the population. OBJECTIVE: To describe the methods of recovery treatment, used at different rehabilitation stages of patients suffered from COVID-19. MATERIAL AND…

INTRODUCTION: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles and may be difficult to diagnose. Several clinical signs may have diagnostic utility, including Cogan's lid twitch. This systematic review aims to synthesise the literature on the accuracy of Cogan's lid…

Pituitary adenomas are benign brain tumors that comprise 10%-20% of all central nervous system neoplasms. In recent years, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has emerged as a highly effective treatment option in the management of functioning and nonfunctioning adenomas. It is associated with tumor control rates frequently…